The invention discloses a method for inspecting the detection accuracy of an animal respiratory calorimetry system, which comprises the following steps: accurately weighing an alcohol lamp, wherein an appropriate amount of anhydrous alcohol is filled in the alcohol lamp; putting the alcohol lamp into a test chamber of a respiratory calorimetry system to be detected, and igniting the alcohol lamp to start a compensation test of the system; recording the start time and the internal and external temperatures, humidities and atmospheric pressures of the test chamber; after the system runs four operating cycles, extinguishing the alcohol lamp to complete the test; recording the end time, and weighing the alcohol lamp; and finally, according to the data acquired by the system, such as gas concentration, air mass flow, anhydrous alcohol consumption, burning time and the like, calculating the recovery ratios of carbon dioxide and oxygen, and then judging the detection accuracy of the animal respiratory calorimetry system. In the method disclosed by the invention, through burning the anhydrous alcohol, an animal respiratory test is simulated so as to rapidly and accurately assess the accuracy of detection results of the animal respiratory calorimetry system, thereby providing an important method and a technical means for the development of the verification test of the system.