476 results about "Air breathing" patented technology

An electrical power generating system and method wherein a generator is driven by an air-breathing engine. At any operating condition, for a given power output the engine efficiency is substantially optimized by controlling the rate of air flow through the engine in such a manner that the fuel / air ratio is controlled to maintain a high peak temperature imparted to the working fluid in the engine. The method and system of the invention eliminate the need for variable-geometry mechanisms in the engine, and also eliminate the need for variable-geometry combustors and pre-burners. The invention is applicable to various types of air-breathing engines that operate at low fuel / air ratios.

The invention provides an air-breathing rotary detonation wave injection and multimode ram detonation coupled circulating propulsion system, and particularly relates to a ram detonation engine applied to a space plane power system. The propulsion system has an injection mode (Ma=0-2), a direct shock mode (Ma=2-6) and an oblique shock mode (Ma=6-12) during the detonation process. An annular-phase detonation wave control system of the propulsion system is capable of controlling different modes of a detonation combustion chamber and regulation and switching among the different modes and full propulsion vector regulation of a tail pipe. Propulsion of the propulsion system is increased and can be controlled simultaneously by controlling the detonation flow field through the detonation wave. Rotary detonation thermal circulation and ram power circulation are coupled into the ram detonation power circulation propulsion system structurally and functionally.

A diffuser for a work machine having an air breathing fuel consuming internal combustion engine with an exhaust aftertreatment device periodically elevating the exhaust temperatures to a high level. The diffuser has a venturi section and the excess contaminants from an intake air pre-cleaner are directed to the throat of the venturi to aspirate and dispose of excess contaminants while cooling the exhaust flow. Additional openings in the divergent section of the diffuser assist in providing significant reductions in exhaust temperatures within a short axial envelope.

The invention discloses a method of precision controlling and detecting by improving tidal volume through introducing an R value. The method comprises steps of utilizing Pplat to calculate a system compliance C which is equal to the ratio of delta V and (Pplat - PEEP); utilizing a processing unit to calculate a real obtained tidal volume VT of the patient end and VT being equal to the result of delta V * (C-Ctube) / C; wherein, delta V represents the variation of tidal volume, PEEP represents end-expiratory esophageal pressure, Ctube represents the tube compliance. The processing unit figures out the tidal volume value VT' in the exhalation periodic time of the next time according to the real obtained tidal volume VT of this-time breathing cycle of the patient end, VT' is equal to the result of VT + delta VT*K, wherein, K represents the scaling factor of regulation controlling, VT is the real obtained tidal volume of this-time breathing cycle, VTset is a set tidal volume that can be reached as expected, delta VTis equal to the result of VTset-VT, and thus the processing unit control the opening degree of the next time air breathing periodic time, finally, the object of tidal volume controlling and precision detecting can be achieve.

Hypersonic inlet systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, an inlet for an airbreathing propulsion system includes an inboard surface at least partially shaped to conform to a plurality of streamline-traces of a design flowfield approaching an aperture, an outboard surface spaced apart from the inboard surface, an upper surface extending between the inboard and outboard surfaces, and a lower surface extending between the inboard and outboard surfaces, wherein leading edges of the inboard, outboard, upper, and lower surfaces cooperatively define the aperture.

Passive water management techniques are provided in an air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell system. A highly hydrophobic component with sub-micrometer wide pores is laminated to the catalyzed membrane electrolyte on the cathode side. This component blocks liquid water from traveling out of the cathode and instead causes the water to be driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte to the cell anode. The air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell also includes a layer of cathode backing and additional cathode filter components on an exterior aspect of the cell cathode which lessen the water vapor escape rate from the cell cathode. The combination of the well laminated hydrophobic microporous layer, the thicker backing and the added filter layer, together defines a cathode structure of unique water management capacity, that enables to operate a DMFC with direct, controlled rate supply of neat (100%) methanol, without the need for any external supply or pumping of water. The cell anode is provided with a hydrophilic backing layer. When the water is driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte from the cell cathode to the cell anode chamber, it is available for the anodic reaction, and any excess water is carried out along CO2 ventilation channels to the outside environment.

An engine system incorporating an air breathing, reciprocating internal combustion engine having an inlet for air and an exhaust for products of combustion. A centripetal turbine receives products of the combustion and has a housing in which a turbine wheel is rotatable. The housing has first and second passages leading from the inlet to discrete, approximately 180°, portions of the circumference of the turbine wheel. The passages have fixed vanes adjacent the periphery of the turbine wheel and the angle of the vanes in one of the passages is different than those in the other so as to accommodate different power levels providing optimum approach angles between the gases passing the vanes and the blades of the turbine wheel. Flow through the passages is controlled by a flapper valve to direct it to one or the other or both passages depending upon the load factor for the engine.

A power plant comprises an air-breathing combustion engine having an air inlet and an inflow duct arranged upstream of the air inlet, as well as an atomization device arranged in the inflow duct. In a method for operating this power plant, a liquid is injected into the inflow duct in the atomization device. During the injection, at least the temperature of the atomization liquid which is to be injected upstream of the atomization device or the temperature in the inflow duct downstream of the atomization device is measured. One of these measured temperatures is used as control variable for control of the temperature of the atomization liquid.

When operating an air-breathing engine, a liquid is injected in atomized form into an air intake duct of the engine. A measurement apparatus for determining the injected drop size or the drop concentration is arranged in or on the intake duct downstream of the location of the injection. These measured values are input into a control system, which controls suitable parameters of the injection apparatus in such a manner that the determined variables are controlled to desired values or into desired value ranges.