The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and discloses a rice and crab comprehensive planting and breeding method. The method comprises the steps of farmland selection,planting and breeding area construction, rice seed selection, base fertilizer application, rice field management, topdressing, selection of young rice crabs, rice field treatment, stocking of the young rice crabs, young rice crab management, rice crab management and water quality management. The rice planting mode adopted by the invention can make full use of the rice border advantages to achievethe ventilation and light transmission effect to the maximum extent, and reasonable close planting achieves the effect of increasing both production and income; early temporary culture, early bait casting and early culture field entering are adopted for river crab culture, river crabs can eat grass buds, worm eggs and larvae, the effects of weeding without chemicals and ecological insect pest prevention are achieved, meanwhile, river crab excrement can fertilize soil, the field soaking process is omitted, and the cultured river crabs are large in specification, good in taste and quality and high in price; and the effect of mutualistic symbiosis is achieved, and the economic benefit is improved.