67results about How to "Reduce convective heat loss" patented technology

A thin, flat paperboard inserter or "needle" which is longer than the blood warmer heating plates is attached to the edge of the flattened tube envelope to enter the very narrow gap between the heating plates. The inserter is fed between the heating plates and advanced to emerge from the other end of the blood warmer where it is grasped and used to pull the envelope into operational position. A high air flow hydrophobic vent with check valve to prevent reverse flow is incorporated into the drip chamber to allow automatic priming and venting of air bubbles. A conductively heated and externally insulated drip chamber holder and a patient intravenous line that is passively insulated by a small annular air space extruded as part of the tube preserve heat in the warmed fluid, improving low flow rate performance. A reusable external heater may optionally be applied to the distal portion of the patient line to provide normothermic fluid to the patient down to essentially zero flow rate.

A double face knit fabric has a technical face with a velour or fleece surface and a first set of appearance characteristics and a technical back with a velvet surface and a second set of appearance characteristics. The first set of appearance characteristics is different from the second set of appearance characteristics. Pile yarns are processed by napping or raising to form the velour or fleece surface at the technical face and the pile yarns are processed to form the velvet surface at the technical back. The pile yarns include first yarns formed of materials having the first set of appearance characteristics selected from the group of consisting of: depth of color upon dyeing, degree of raising, degree of air permeability, susceptibility to selected dye formulation, reaction to heat, and degree of coarseness, bulk, cross-section and / or denier and second pile yarns formed of materials having the second set of appearance characteristics selected from among the group of consisting of: depth of color upon dyeing, degree of fiber straightness, degree of fiber curl, degree of fiber shrinkage, degree of fiber crimp degree of raising, reaction to heat, degree of yarn coarseness, bulk, cross-section and / or denier.

An apparatus for treating meibomian gland dysfunction. A lid warmer may be attached onto a patient's eye to apply heat on the inside of the eyelid to provide conductive heat transfer to the meibomian glands. The application of heat assists in the expression of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands to restore sufficient sebum flow to the lipid layer to treat dry eye. Temperatures at the meibomian glands reach desired levels more quickly and efficiently when heating the inside of the eyelid. Reaching such higher temperature levels may be instrumental in removing obstructions in the meibomian glands. Less time may also be required to reach desired temperature levels when applying heat to the inside of the eyelid. An eyecup may also be employed to generate a force on the outside of the patient's eyelid to improve conductive heat transfer and reduce blood flow in the eyelid that causes convective heat loss. Thus, the application of force can further increase the temperature level and / or reduce the time to reach desired temperature levels for removing obstructions.

The invention discloses a spherical cavity type solar heat absorber with an inwardly concave glass cover. The heat absorber is mainly used for collecting sunlight and converting the sunlight into heat energy in a butterfly type solar high-temperature heat utilization system. The heat absorber mainly comprises a heat exchange coil pipe, the inwardly concave glass cover, an outer shell, an inner shell, a vacuum layer, a reflective wind shield and a heat conductive fluid. Different from the traditional opening type heat absorber and the cavity type heat absorber with the glass window at the cavity opening, the cavity type heat absorber disclosed by the invention is the opening type spherical heat absorber with the inwardly concave glass cover, therefore, the cavity type heat absorber not only has the light capturing capacity of the opening cavity type heat absorber but also has low heat loss of the cavity type heat absorber with the glass window at the cavity opening; meanwhile, the cavity type heat absorber is provided with the reflective wind shield, therefore, the capturing on deviated light can be strengthened, and the heat radiation on the inner wall and the convection heat transfer loss resulted from external natural wind can be reduced; and the cavity type heat absorber comprises the vacuum layer between the inner shell and the outer shell, therefore, the lost heat throughthe shells can be effectively reduced.

A filter element comprises a pleated metal fiber fleece being pleated according to pleating lines providing an edge with pleat openings to be closed in order to make gas flowing through the metal fiber fleece. The filter element further comprises at least two flanks, each of these flanks comprising a stiff material layer. The stiff material layer and the metal fiber fleece are connected using a layer of ceramic adhesive, which prevents direct contact of the metal fiber fleece over the length of the edge of the metal fiber fleece with the flank. Meanwhile the flanks, being essentially perpendicular to the pleating lines, closing the pleat openings in order to prevent bypasses.

A method of treating meibomian gland dysfunction. Heat is applied to the inside of the eyelid to provide conductive heat transfer to the meibomian glands. The application of heat assists in the expression of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands to restore sufficient sebum flow to the lipid layer to treat dry eye. Temperatures at the meibomian glands reach desired levels more quickly and efficiently when heating the inside of the eyelid. Reaching such higher temperature levels may be instrumental in removing obstructions in the meibomian glands. Less time may also be required to reach desired temperature levels when applying heat to the inside of the eyelid. A force may also be applied to the outside of the patient's eyelid to improve conductive heat transfer and reduce blood flow in the eyelid that causes convective heat loss. Thus, the application of force can further increase the temperature level and / or reduce the time to reach desired temperature levels for removing obstructions.

The invention discloses a riser heating and insulating agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 35 percent of Al, 10 to 25 percent of AlN, 3 to 20 percent of low-carbon graphite, 5 to 25 percent of magnesia-alumina spinel, 5 to 15 percent of quartz, 10 to 30 percent of ferric oxide powder, 5 to 20 percent of corundum, 5 to 10 percent of organosilicon phlogopite, and 1 to 10 percent of MgO; and the riser heating and insulating agent is prepared by the following processes: crushing, pulverizing, mixing, pelletizing, drying, and the like. The riser heating and insulating agent has double effects of heating and insulating, and has good insulating effect. Because the riser heating and insulating agent has a granular appearance, dust and smoke are not generated in the using process, and the environment is not polluted. Due to the adoption of the low-carbon graphite, castings do not have carburizing phenomenon, and the molten steel is not polluted. The riser heating and insulating agent is particularly applied to open risers of low carbon steel large-scale steel castings and stainless steel castings with the weight of over 80 tons.

A method of treating meibomian gland dysfunction. Heat is applied to the tissue proximate the patient's meibomian glands to provide conductive heat transfer to the meibomian glands. The application of heat assists in the expression of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands to restore sufficient sebum flow to the lipid layer to treat dry eye. A force may also be applied to the tissue proximate the patient's meibomian glands to improve conductive heat transfer and reduce blood flow in the tissue that causes convective heat loss. Thus, the application of force can further increase the temperature level and / or reduce the time to reach desired temperature levels for removing obstructions. Reaching increased temperature levels may improve the melting, loosening, or softening of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands while reducing the amount of time to reached desired temperature levels and / or aid in reducing discomfort to the patient during treatment.

A thin, flat paperboard inserter or "needle" which is longer than the blood warmer heating plates is attached to the edge of the flattened tube envelope to enter the very narrow gap between the heating plates. The inserter is fed between the heating plates and advanced to emerge from the other end of the blood warmer where it is grasped and used to pull the envelope into operational position. A high air flow hydrophobic vent with check valve to prevent reverse flow is incorporated into the drip chamber to allow automatic priming and venting of air bubbles. A conductively heated and externally insulated drip chamber holder and a patient intravenous line that is passively insulated by a small annular air space extruded as part of the tube preserve heat in the warmed fluid, improving low flow rate performance. A reusable external heater may optionally be applied to the distal portion of the patient line to provide normothermic fluid to the patient down to essentially zero flow rate.

A system for treating meibomian gland dysfunction. A controller controls heat applied to the inside of the eyelid to provide conductive heat transfer to the meibomian glands. The application of heat assists in the expression of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands to restore sufficient sebum flow to the lipid layer to treat dry eye. Temperatures at the meibomian glands reach desired levels more quickly and efficiently when heating the inside of the eyelid. Reaching such higher temperature levels may be instrumental in removing obstructions in the meibomian glands. Less time may also be required to reach desired temperature levels when applying heat to the inside of the eyelid. A force may also be applied to the inside of the patient's eyelid to improve conductive heat transfer and reduce blood flow in the eyelid that causes convective heat loss. Thus, the application of force can further increase the temperature level and / or reduce the time to reach desired temperature levels for removing obstructions.

A subsea insulation device is described. The device includes a frame coupled to and at least partially enclosing a subsea component. A bag may be at least partially enclosed in the frame. The bag may substantially seal against at least one surface of the subsea component when the bag is at least partially inflated. A port may be attached to the bag. The port may allow the bag to be coupled to a fluid provider connector so that fluid can be provided into the bag to inflate the bag.

The invention belongs to the field of micro-power electromechanical systems (MEMS), particularly relates to a micro parallel plate burner with a preheating channel. The micro parallel plate burner with a preheating channel consists of a parallel plate burning chamber, a preheating channel and a quartz shade, which are arranged from inside to outside, wherein the upper half section of the parallel plate burner is an oxy-hydrogen premixing zone; and the quartz shade is double-layered and internally vacuumized. Fuels and oxidant can be preheated before being mixed by the preheating channel, thereby more stable burning is realized; and the double-layered vacuumized quartz shade not only can make most of photons generated on the radiation surface of the burner pass through, but also play a heat insulation role, so that the whole transformation efficiency and the working performance of micro thermophotovoltaic systems are greatly improved.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated device with a night radiation refrigeration function. The device comprises a body module and a transmission module; the body module is abox body with openings in the top surface and the bottom surface, a heat collecting plate and a radiation refrigerating plate are arranged in the box body, the heat collecting plate and the radiationrefrigerating plate form a closed cavity with four side walls of the box body, the closed cavity forms a fluid heat exchange cavity, and a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the two side walls of the box body; photovoltaic cells are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the heat collecting plate of the closed cavity, a glass cover plate covers the position, corresponding to the opening of the box body, of the heat collecting plate, and a full-wave-band high-transmittance material film covers the position, corresponding to the opening of the box body, of the radiation refrigerating plate; and the transmission module comprises a motor, two connecting rods, two cranks, two rotating shafts, two supporting shafts and a bracket, so that the top surface and the bottom surface of the box body can be freely switched by starting the motor. The device integrates photovoltaic power generation, solar heat collection and night radiation refrigeration functions, and has the advantagesof being high in heat collecting efficiency, adjustable in angle, good in practicability and the like.

A solar collector has an opaque cover heated by solar energy. Heat flows from the opaque cover by conduction, convection, and infrared emittance across a gap within an at least substantially airtight enclosure to an absorber containing a working fluid. The exterior surface of the opaque cover has high solar energy absorptance and the interior surface has high infrared emittance. The exterior surface preferably has low infrared emittance. In one embodiment, fully wetted surface geometry permits direct and reflected infrared absorption by the absorber. The opaque cover eliminates the weight, cost and other shortcomings of glass. A hollow continuous side wall with rounded corners provides an embodiment that is robust yet economical, that is easy to manufacture and seal, that permits a reduced thickness of the opaque cover and mitigates the destructive potential of severe winds, and that can withstand the compressive forces experienced by an evacuated solar collector.

A micro refrigerator of ferroelectric ceramics applies ' double stage - overlap' refrigerating structure and it is prepared adapting relaxation and solid solution of PMNT with high electro biological heat effect under wet preparation method of sol - gel . In said method, new mode of physical-chemical thickness reduction and new detecting means of electro biological heat property are applied.

The invention provides a disc type solar heat-electricity direct converting system, belonging to the field of energy source power engineering. The system comprises an alkaline metal heat-electricity converting subsystem capable of directly converting heat energy into electrical energy, a temperature difference power generating subsystem for directly converting residual heat of a condenser into the electrical energy, and a disc type solar heat collecting subsystem which realizes reutilization of secondary residual heat; the system is mainly composed of a disc type collecting mirror, a trumpet-shaped receiver, a heat absorber cavity, an evaporator, a coupling heat exchanger, an electromagnetic pump, an alkaline metal heat-electricity converter, the condenser, a temperature difference power generating unit, a draught fan, a cooling air channel and a connection pipeline. Compared with the other solar heat-electricity utilizing systems, the system provided by the invention has the characteristics of double heat-electricity conversions and reutilization of secondary residual heat, realizes the comprehensive gradient utilization of energy and has high efficiency; meanwhile, the system also has the advantages of no moving parts and noise, low operation and maintenance costs, high reliability, combination of modularization and the like.

A method of treating meibomian gland dysfunction. Heat is applied to the inside of the eyelid to provide conductive heat transfer to the meibomian glands. The application of heat assists in the expression of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands to restore sufficient sebum flow to the lipid layer to treat dry eye. Temperatures at the meibomian glands reach desired levels more quickly and efficiently when heating the inside of the eyelid. Reaching such higher temperature levels may be instrumental in removing obstructions in the meibomian glands. Less time may also be required to reach desired temperature levels when applying heat to the inside of the eyelid. A force may also be applied to the outside of the patient's eyelid to improve conductive heat transfer and reduce blood flow in the eyelid that causes convective heat loss. Thus, the application of force can further increase the temperature level and / or reduce the time to reach desired temperature levels for removing obstructions.

Apparatus operable using concentrated solar radiation, the apparatus comprising a body having a cavity adapted to receive concentrated solar radiation, a heat energy absorber associated with the cavity to receive heat from concentrated solar radiation within the cavity, a chamber containing a body of matter, the chamber being in heat exchange relation with the heat energy absorber to receive heat therefrom for heating the body of matter, and an inlet means for introducing fluid into the chamber for contacting the contained body of matter. Also, a reactor system for contacting a reactant liquid with two gaseous reactants, the reactor system comprising two reactors interconnected for circulation of a reactant liquid therebetween, whereby the circulating reactant liquid is enabled to react with a gaseous reactant introduced into one reactor and to also react with a gaseous reactant introduced into the other reactor.

The invention relates to a linear Fresnel solar heat collector device comprising a receiver and an optical concentration module, wherein the optical concentration module is used for reflecting sunlight to the receiver, and the receiver is arranged above the optical concentration module by a bracket. The receiver comprises a series of heat absorption pipes which mutually extend in parallel, the heat absorption pipes form a cavity body together, an opening is arranged at one end of the cavity body facing to the optical concentration module, the outside of the opening is covered by a transparent cover body, a sealing cover body is arranged at one end of the receiver which is far away from the opening, a vacuum chamber is formed between the transparent cover body and the sealing cover body, the heat absorption pipes are contained in the vacuum chamber, and the sunlight focused by the optical concentration module enters the cavity body from the opening, is reflected for many times in the cavity body and is absorbed. Meanwhile, vacuum is arranged between the transparent cover body and the sealing cover body, so that the convection heat loss can be effectively reduced, and the heat absorption efficiency of the receiver is enhanced.

A solar collector has an opaque cover heated by solar energy. Heat flows from the opaque cover by conduction, convection, and infrared emittance across a gap within an at least substantially airtight enclosure to an absorber containing a working fluid. The exterior surface of the opaque cover has high solar energy absorptance and the interior surface has high infrared emittance. The exterior surface preferably has low infrared emittance. In one embodiment, fully wetted surface geometry permits direct and reflected infrared absorption by the absorber. The opaque cover eliminates the weight, cost and other shortcomings of glass. A hollow continuous side wall with rounded corners provides an embodiment that is robust yet economical, that is easy to manufacture and seal, that permits a reduced thickness of the opaque cover and mitigates the destructive potential of severe winds, and that can withstand the compressive forces experienced by an evacuated solar collector.

A glass-cover-free tubular solar thermal collector relates to a solar thermal collector, and a problem that a glass cover of the solar thermal collector cracks due to the fact that thermal expansion degrees of a metal material and the glass cover of a tubular thermal absorber are different is solved. A light enclosing cavity is made of a metal material, a heat preservation layer is wrapped on an outer wall of the light enclosing cavity, and the tubular thermal absorber is arranged in the light enclosing cavity and made of the metal material. A light-transmitting port is arranged on the top portion of the light enclosing cavity, an optical window is arranged at the light-transmitting port, and two ends of the light enclosing cavity are connected with the tubular thermal absorber in mechanical mode through metal sealing connecting joints with a function of reducing thermal strain respectively. The axial thermal expansion difference of the light enclosing cavity and the tubular thermal absorber is offset through wave pitch changes of a corrugated metal connecting sealing joint, and the problem that the glass cover is prone to crack, and the glass cover, the tubular thermal absorber and the metal connecting sealing joint of the traditional tubular thermal absorber are hard to weld is solved.

The invention discloses a coil pipe heat accumulation heat exchanger. The coil pipe heat accumulation heat exchanger comprise a shell, a first uniform flow pipe, a second uniform flow pipe, an outputpipe, an input pipe and a plurality of heat accumulation plates; the first uniform flow pipe and the second uniform flow pipe are correspondingly installed at the two ends of the shell; a snakelike discharging pipe is arranged between the first uniform flow pipe and the second uniform flow pipe; one end of the snakelike discharging pipe is connected to the corresponding first uniform flow pipe; the other end of the snakelike discharging pipe is connected to the corresponding second uniform flow pipe; the side faces of the heat accumulation plates are tightly attached to the snakelike discharging pipe; the first uniform flow pipe is communicated with the output pipe; an outlet of the output pipe stretches out of the upper face of the shell; the second uniform flow pipe is communicated withthe input pipe, and an outlet of the input pipe stretches out of the lower face of the shell; a hot flow output port communicated with an inner cavity of the shell is formed in the upper face of one end of the shell; and the lower face of the other end of the shell is provided with a hot flow input port communicated with the inner cavity of the shell. The coil pipe heat accumulation heat exchangeris compact in structure, the pressure bearing capacity is high, the metal consumption is reduced, the contact area between cold and hot fluid is increased and the contact time between the cold and hot fluid is prolonged, and the heat exchanging effect is improved.

The invention provides a solar water heater water tank with an automatic balance heat insulation valve. The automatic balance heat insulation valve is arranged in a ventilation port of the water tank, the valve body is flaky or consists of a fixed piece and a moving piece between which a movement gap is formed; or the valve body consists of the moving piece and a connector for the moving piece and the inner wall of the ventilation port, and the movement gap is formed between the moving piece and the inner wall of the ventilation port. The heat insulation valve of the invention has an excellent function of automatic balance and the degree of opening / closing of the moving piece of the heat insulation valve is controlled by pressure difference; and self-regulation on flow section area of theventilation port can be realized. The operation of the water tank for water feeding and discharging is smooth, and when no pressure difference presents in the water tank, the heat insulation valve isunder an original static state and the pressure inside and outside the water tank is balanced only by micro gap, thus the formation of convection mass can be effectively prevented, the convectional heat exchange loss at the ventilation port is reduced significantly, and the heat insulation effect of the water tank is improved; the valve is simple in structure and low in manufacturing difficulty, and has low material consumption and strong practicability.

The invention relates to a vacuum-tube type solar air collector. The vacuum-tube type solar air collector mainly comprises an all-glass vacuum tube, a heat collecting core and a case body, wherein the heat collecting core is installed inside the vacuum tube, a vane exposed out of the heat collecting core extends into the case body, and two ends of the case body are provided with openings for ventilation. In the working process, the sunlight penetrates through the vacuum tube, the heat collecting core is heated through the vacuum tube, the heat is transmitted to the radiating fin through the heat collecting core, the heat on the fin surface is taken away through the ventilation in the case body, and the air is heated. The solar air collector is simple in design and manufacturing process, mature and reliable in technology, low in cost and capable of being used in a large scale and in an integration mode. The contiguous integration of collectors can be achieved in accordance with requirements.

The invention relates to a direct heat absorbing type solar heat collecting device based on a secondary-reflection focusing system. The direct heat absorbing type solar heat collecting device comprises an upper cone frustum, a heat absorbing cavity, a high-temperature molten salt buffer tank and a low-temperature molten salt buffer tank; multi-area partition plates are arranged in a cavity of the upper cone frustum; high-temperature molten salt outlet devices are arranged on the inner lateral wall and at the bottom of the upper cone frustum; a graphite heat accumulating column is arranged in the high-temperature molten salt buffer tank; a molten salt steam filtering device and a high-temperature air circulating device which are communicated with each other are arranged on the outer lateral side of the upper cone frustum; a reinforced heat absorbing and exchanging device is arranged in the heat absorbing cavity; a thermal insulation layer is arranged at the periphery of the heat absorbing cavity; a supporting structure is arranged outside the thermal insulation layer; a flow distributing plate is arranged at the bottom of the heat absorbing cavity; a low-temperature molten salt lower cavity is arranged under the flow distributing plate; the low-temperature molten salt lower cavity is connected with a low-temperature molten salt storing tank through a low-temperature molten salt inlet pipeline; the graphite heat accumulating column is arranged in the low-temperature molten salt storing tank. The direct heat absorbing type solar heat collecting device is high in heat absorbing efficiency, accurate and controllable in temperature of a heat transfer work medium outlet, simple to operate and free of side effect on surrounding environment and can operate in normal pressure.

The invention discloses a cooling pig bed, comprising a temperature adjusting floor arranged on the ground of the pig bed and a radiant ceiling fixed above the ground by a support; the radiant ceiling has a circulating pipe and a radiant panel; thermal insulation material is covered on the upper surface of the radiant panel; a separator is arranged below the radiant panel; among the four terminals of the radiant panel, at least two opposite terminals are connected with an enclosure plate; the surface temperature of both the temperature adjusting floor and the radiant ceiling are regulated through the built-in circulating pipe; when pigs are standing on the pig bed, the pig bodies can exchange energy with the radiant ceiling for heat dissipation through radiation mode; when the pigs are lying, the pigs can exchange energy with the temperature adjusting floor for heat dissipation through thermal conduction. The cooling pig bed of the invention has the advantages that, the heat convention of pig body is not influenced; meanwhile the pig body can effectively use radiation and conduction for heat dissipation; the heat stress of pigs can be effectively elevated even at the highest temperature in hot summer.

The invention provides a pipeline flexible connecting device which is composed of at least one set of pipeline flexible connecting device unit. Each set of device unit is formed by no less than two layers of mutually-sleeved metal corrugated pipes and connecting members at two ends, and the pipeline flexible connecting device is characterized in that at least one closed space is formed among the mutually-sleeved metal corrugated pipes, at least one temperature is arranged on walls of a metal corrugated layer or a reinforcing layer of the pipeline flexible connecting device to monitor temperature during operating, and leakage alarming of the pipeline flexible connecting device is realized by judging obtained temperature change information. The pipeline flexible connecting device is safe in operating, low in cost, long in service life, high in strength, small in heat waste and good in flexible controllability and monitoring controllability.

The invention relates to a device and technique using rotary kiln barrel heat to generate power. The device comprises a rotary kiln barrel, a first wheel belt, a second wheel belt, a third wheel belt and a kiln-head dual-pressure waste heat boiler. A deaerator and a medium-pressure water feeding pump are arranged at the water feeding end of the kiln-head dual-pressure waste heat boiler; a first heat exchanging face, a second heat exchanging face and a third heat exchanging face are sequentially arranged at the position, between the first wheel belt and the second wheel belt, on the surface of the rotary kiln barrel; a fourth heat exchanging face, a fifth heat exchanging face, a sixth heat exchanging face and a seventh heat exchanging face are sequentially arranged at the position, between the second wheel belt and the third wheel belt, on the surface of the rotary kiln barrel; and the heat exchanging faces are sequentially provided with membrane type water cooling walls, thermal-insulation rock wood and casings from inside to outside. The device solves the problems that a traditional method using rotary kiln barrel heat to generate hot water is low in waste heat utilizing efficiency and large in production fluctuation caused by seasons. Furthermore, the device solves the problems that a method using rotary kiln barrel heat to heat condensation water to generate power affects the boiler efficiency and is small in generating capacity. Finally, the rotary kiln barrel heat can be efficiently utilized.

The invention discloses a novel solar heat collection pipe with a built-in heat absorber. The novel solar heat collection pipe comprises the heat absorber, a black paint coating, heat transferring media, an inner-layer glass sleeve, an outer-layer glass sleeve, a selective penetration layer and the like. The black paint coating is coated on an outer side surface of the heat absorber; the heat absorber is arranged in the heat transferring media and the heat transferring media are arranged on inner and outer sides of the heat absorber; a narrow air layer is formed between the inner-layer glass sleeve and the outer-layer glass sleeve or a gap between the inner-layer glass sleeve and the outer-layer glass sleeve is vacuumized. The selective penetration layer is designed on the outer surface of the inner-layer glass sleeve and has the characteristics of high transmissivity and low emissivity; the radiation heat loss between the inner-layer glass sleeve and the outer-layer glass sleeve can be effectively reduced. The solar heat collection pipe provided by the invention has the characteristics of high heat collection efficiency, small heat loss, convenience for modularized installation and the like, can applied to devices including a non-focusing type heat collector or a linear focusing type heat collector and the like, and provides technical supports for further large-scale popularization and application of a solar heat collector.

A method of treating meibomian gland dysfunction. Heat is applied to the tissue proximate the patient's meibomian glands to provide conductive heat transfer to the meibomian glands. The application of heat assists in the expression of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands to restore sufficient sebum flow to the lipid layer to treat dry eye. A force may also be applied to the tissue proximate the patient's meibomian glands to improve conductive heat transfer and reduce blood flow in the tissue that causes convective heat loss. Thus, the application of force can further increase the temperature level and / or reduce the time to reach desired temperature levels for removing obstructions. Reaching increased temperature levels may improve the melting, loosening, or softening of obstructions or occlusions in the meibomian glands while reducing the amount of time to reached desired temperature levels and / or aid in reducing discomfort to the patient during treatment.