The invention discloses enteric nano-microparticles loaded with insulin as well as a preparation method and applications of the enteric nano-microparticles. The nano-microparticles are composed of nanoparticles obtained by compounding quaternization chitosan, insulin and sodium tripolyphosphate through the electrostatic interaction, and eudragit coating the surfaces of the nanoparticles. The compound nanoparticles loaded with insulin and having positive charges on the surface are prepared first by utilizing the FNC technology, and then eudragit coats the surfaces of the compound nanoparticles;the preparation method has the advantages that the continuous preparation is realized, the controllability is high, the batch repeatability is high, etc., and the obtained medicine-carrying particleshave high medicine loading capacity and high encapsulation efficiency. The enteric material coats the surfaces of the particles, after oral medication of the medicine-carrying particles, the loaded protein medicine can be effectively protected against the degradation of gastric acid and gastrointestinal tract protease, and thus the oral medication absorption efficiency of insulin at the small intestine part is improved. Compared with the subcutaneous injection, the enteric nano-microparticles loaded with insulin have the advantages that after oral medication, the good and stable effect of reducing blood glucose is shown, the high oral medication bioavailability is also obtained, and thus the application prospect is great.