The invention relates to a falling-type pyrolyzer which comprises a feed opening, a uniform blanking mechanism, a preheating section, a main reactor, a blanking auxiliary mechanism and a charcoal discharge section from top to bottom. The waste or biomass, of which the size is less than 30mm and the water content is 35% or below, is sent into the preheating section by the uniform blanking mechanism, and sent to the main reactor by the preheating section. The preheating section is provided with a vapor outlet. The main reactor is composed of vertical plates or membrane-type vertical tube heat transfer surfaces, and the interval is 1.4-3 times of the maximum particle size; by the aid of the blanking auxiliary mechanism, one side is provided with a heat source port, and the other side is provided with a volatile matter filter layer perpendicular to the heat transfer surface and a discharge port. The generated coke falls into the charcoal discharge section, the unpyrolyzed material is pyrolyzed at the charcoal discharge section, and the retention time is controlled through the charcoal discharge speed. When cold charcoal needs to be discharged, the charcoal discharge section is converted into the cooling section, and a coolant passes through at the cold source side. The falling-type pyrolyzer can adapt to the thermal expansion and cold shrinkage, and has the advantages of no leakage, high capacity and space saving.