The invention relates to an integrated, extensible and fast food security detection method. The method is characterized in that: four parallel and complementary detection routes, which are a quality analysis module, a quantitative detection module, a spectral scanning module and a time scanning module respectively, are arranged according to the Lambert-Beer law; biochemical data is maximally acquired by optoelectronic equipment; and biochemical data analyzing results are processed intuitively by computer graphic information processing equipment. The food detection equipment of the invention consists of a mainframe, a notebook personal computer, a software working station, a fast detection special kit and a sample pre-treatment box, wherein the mainframe is electrified, driven and controlled by a universal serial bus (USB); and the computer is directly electrified without external working power supplies or batteries. The equipment has the advantages of small volume, light weight, high stability, portability, wide application range, a plurality of detection items, simple, convenient and fast operation and easy popularization and application to fast on-site detection.