The invention discloses a near
infrared fluorescent dye taking a
fluorophore of a
cyanine dye as a parent skeleton structure and a preparation method and the application of the near
infrared fluorescent dye, and belongs to the field of biomedical materials. The photostability of the near
infrared fluorescent dye is better and the
fluorescence quantum yield of the near infrared fluorescent dye is high as a
cyclic hydrocarbon group is inserted into a long methenyl chain. The near infrared fluorescent dye can serve as a hydrophobic end to be combined with a hydrophilic molecule with good
biocompatibility through an environment sensitive bond and self-assembled to form a nanoscale lipidosome or a
micelle or a
vesicle. An obtained lipid material can be mixed with a
medicine and\or a
gene and self-assembled to form the lipidsome or the
micelle or the
vesicle, and the
medicine and\or the
gene are\is coated inside to form a
carrier system. The
carrier system at the
luminescence quenching state enters a target
cell, the environment sensitive bond on the material is fractured and disassembled in the specific environment, the
medicine and\or the
gene are\is released to play a role in treatment, moreover, the
cyanine dye gathered inside is also released, the
fluorescence is recovered. Therefore, the
fluorescence switching function is realized, and the integration of diagnosis and treatment is further realized.