The invention discloses a two-photon fluorescence probe, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The structural formula of the two-photon fluorescence probe is shown in the description; and in the structural formula, each of R1 and R2 is one selected from the hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aminogroup, a dialkylamino group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an acyl group, a sulfonyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic ring, an aromatic heterocyclic ring and a substituted aromatic heterocyclic ring, and R3 is one selected from the hydrogen atom, a benzyl group, a substituted benzyl group, alkyl silicon, a substituted acyl group, a sulfonyl group, a thioacyl group, an alkyl group, an allyl group, a propargyl group, an aryl group and an aromatic heterocyclic ring. The two-photon fluorescence probe adopts a quinazoline-coumarin structure as the center, so the molecular planarity is improved, and the two-photon fluorescence intensity and the two-photon imaging resolution are improved; the two-photon fluorescence probe can detect exogenous fluoride ions in cells; and the two-photon fluorescence probe can be simply modified to locate mitochondrial cell imaging and detect nitroreductase in the cells, so the application range is enlarged.