The invention discloses a multifunctional photosensitive
synapse device based on a two-dimensional material and a preparation method thereof, the device comprises a substrate, a grid
electrode, a source
electrode, a drain
electrode and a stacking structure, the grid electrode, the source electrode, the drain electrode and the stacking structure are arranged on the substrate, the stacking structure comprises a first two-dimensional material layer, a second two-dimensional material layer and a third two-dimensional material layer, the grid electrode is arranged on the substrate, and the third two-dimensional material layer is arranged on the substrate. A first two-dimensional material layer, a second two-dimensional material layer and a third two-dimensional material layer are sequentially covered on the grid electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode are respectively covered on the third two-dimensional material layer, and a channel is formed between the source electrode and the drain electrode. The second two-dimensional material layer comprises
hexagonal boron nitride in a defect state, the first two-dimensional material layer serves as a light
absorption layer, the second two-dimensional material layer serves as an
isolation layer, and the third two-dimensional material layer serves as a readout layer. The device is simple in structure, simple and understandable in working principle, simple in preparation process and easy to master; based on vertical stacking of pure two-dimensional thin film materials, the size is small, and the requirements for
high density and high integration level are met.