The invention discloses a rapid inversion method and device for a carbon dioxide drive reservoir gas channeling channel. The method comprises the following steps that a physical assumption of carbon dioxide distribution of the gas channeling channel is established, it is set that the hydrocarbon-containing pore volume of the gas channeling channel is completely occupied by carbon dioxide gas whencarbon dioxide gas channeling occurs; based on the physical assumption, the cross section area A<j> of a gas channeling channel between a gas injection well and the jth target oil production well is calculated, j belongs to 1, 2,... N, and N is the total number of the target oil production wells; and based on the physical assumption and the cross sectional area A<j>, the permeability level difference beta<kj> of the gas channeling channel is calculated, and j belongs to 1, 2,... N. According to the method, rapid inversion of the gas channeling channel can be achieved, the method has the advantages of being simple in structure and convenient to use, the problems that a conventional gas channeling channel inversion method is high in cost and long in construction period are solved, and an important crack characteristic parameter basis is provided for numerical simulation of a low permeability-tight oil carbon dioxide drive reservoir and crack channeling sealing optimization design.