The invention relates to the technical field of spraying, and discloses a permeable asphalt rapid spraying device for expressways and a spraying method of the permeable asphalt rapid spraying device. The left output end and the right output end of a first motor are fixedly connected with one ends of two sets of rotating shafts correspondingly, the output end of a second motor is fixedly connected with a driving wheel, and a belt is fixedly connected with a supporting plate. According to the rapid permeable asphalt spraying device for the expressway and the spraying method of the rapid permeable asphalt spraying device, under the matching action of the first motor, a rotating shaft, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a threaded rod and a transverse plate, a fixed column is pushed to move downwards, and the fixed column drives a movable plate to move downwards, so that the spraying height is adjusted, through cooperation of a second motor, a driving wheel, a belt, a driven wheel, a supporting plate, an asphalt liquid box body, a hose, a fixed pipe and spray heads, the fixed pipe moves left and right, asphalt can be conveniently and uniformly sprayed to the road surface, and through arrangement of five groups of spray heads, the spraying efficiency is improved.