The invention belongs to the technical field of steel column installation, and particularly relates to a steel structure column installation structure. The installation structure comprises a steel column body and a transverse steel column, wherein the steel column body and the transverse steel column are perpendicularly connected, the steel column body is fixedly sleeved with a fixed shell, connecting holes are formed in the four sides of the fixed shell, movable blocks are movably connected into the connecting holes, clamping blocks are connected to the bottom ends of the movable blocks, connecting rods are symmetrically connected to the interiors of the clamping blocks, clamping teeth are connected to the opposite faces of the two connecting rods, and a clamping groove is formed in the steel column body. According to the installation structure, the steel column body is sleeved with a fixed shell, the clamping teeth, the clamping groove, fixed clamping rods, the clamping blocks, the connecting rods, the movable blocks, sliding blocks, sliding rods and limiting springs are installed in the fixed shell, installation of the fixed steel column is facilitated, a connecting sleeve shelland a screwing thread are installed outside the fixed shell, the transverse steel column is sleeved with a screwing cover, and potential safety hazards caused by angle deviation after the steel column is installed are avoided.