281 results about "Water salt" patented technology

Water soluable, aqueous salt solution dispersible polymers and aqueous salt solutions containing dispersed polymers are produced by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated soluble monomers in an aqueous salt solution in the presence of at least one carbohydrate. The polymers and aqueous salt solutions containing the dispersed polymers are useful for paper making, water clarification and emulsion breaking.

A method for preparing highly stabilized and dispersible zero valent iron nanoparticles and using the nanoparticles as a remediation technology against inorganic chemical toxins in contaminated sites. The method employs a composition containing select polysaccharides (starch or cellulose) as a stabilizer for the iron nanoparticles in a liquid carrier, and results in suspensions of iron nanoparticles of desired size and mobility in water, brine, soils or sediments. The stabilizer facilitates controlling the dispersibility of the iron nanoparticles in the liquid carrier. An effective amount of the composition is delivered to a contaminated site so that the zero valent iron nanoparticles can remediate one or more toxins such as an arsenate, a nitrate, a chromate, or a perchlorate in the contaminated site.

Ultra-fine microcrystalline cellulose compositions are disclosed which comprise co-attrited microcrystalline cellulose and a hydrocolloid. The compositions have a mean particle size of less thin 10 microns. The compositions are prepared by subjecting a high solids mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and a hydrocolloid to high shear forces in the presence of an anti slip agent preferably an aqueoussolution of an inorganic salt. The compositions are especially useful in food pharmaceutical and cosmetic and industrial applications.

A method and apparatus for renewable power generation utilizes the chemical potential dissimilarity between solutions of differing ionic formulations. A train is formed by a sequentially ordered set of a plurality of cells in which each successive cell is related to the preceding cell. Each cell has pumping means and hydro-power generation turbine means to form a closed hydraulic loop configured for specified volumetric and flow capacity. Adjacent cells share semipermeable membranes. Each cell is charged with a brine of specified ionizable inorganic salt quantity and type with the brine being cycled in a controlled concentration-pressure loop, with each of the cells operating at progressively increasing concentration and osmotic pressure ratio. A continuous and constant flow rate of substantially salt-free permeate flux is maintained across each cell, the flux being osmotically induced from low salt concentration water being fed at the first cell in the train and exiting at the last cell along with the discarded high concentration water brine. The salt-free permeate flux is continuously induced, in symbiotic mode, through the shared membranes, driven by the chemical influence of concentration potential field bounded by water of low to no salt concentration on one end of the train and by brine of high salt concentration on the other end of the train with sufficient concentration difference to provide driving force for said plurality of cells, while maintaining adequate concentration difference between adjacent cells to enhance osmosis function, as well as defining a concentration ratio within each cell to ensure a net positive power generation.

Blocked mercaptosilanes can be manufactured by reacting mercaptosilanes with organic or inorganic halides or anhydrides in the presence of an acid acceptor and washing the resulting reaction product with water / brine to yield two immiscible phases: an organic phase containing blocked mercaptosilane product and an aqueous phase containing the salt of the acid acceptor. Recycle of the acid acceptor is achieved by adding base to the aqueous phase. The process is suitable to be run in either batch or continuous mode. The blocked mercaptosilane compounds are used as coupling agents in rubber mixtures.

The invention discloses a method for planting crops in a saline and alkaline land. The method is characterized by comprising the steps as follows: 1), soil is loosened, so that a soil condition facilitating downward infiltration of water salt is formed; 2), salt elimination furrows are arranged, and soil of a raised field is washed with fresh water, so that the water salt flows into the salt elimination furrows and is discharged; 3), soil on the surfaces of the salt elimination furrows is eliminated, the usage amount of a gypsum modifying agent is determined by detecting the pH value of the soil, then turfy soil, a humic acid and a plant growth regulator are laid on the surface of the soil, and finally, alkaline resisting plants are planted in the salt elimination furrows, so that the soil environment is improved; 4), the soil of the raised field is fertilized, and then the fertilized soil is irrigated, so that a fertilizer is infiltrated into the soil, and absorption is facilitated; and 5), ridging is performed, and after the crops are planted, the surface of the raised field is covered with a plastic film. According to the method, soil agglomeration is prevented, agglomerations are dispersed when encountering water, soil gaps are prevented from being blocked, infiltration of the water salt is facilitated, the water salt is separated from the soil, reverse osmosis of the salt elimination furrows is prevented, and the planting effect can be improved.

The disclosed process removes or reduces impurities such as asphaltenes, solids (especially solid fines), sulfur, metals, chlorides, water, salts, and acids from bitumen, oil sands, and crude oils with a wide range of gravities. A crude source composition is contacted with one or more zeolite materials to remove asphaltenes, solids, sulfur, NSO, metals, chlorides, water, salts, and / or acids from the composition. The crude source is typically diluted with a hydrocarbon solvent such as naphtha before contacting the zeolite(s). The disclosed processes represent an improvement over prior and presently available processes because the disclosed processes are capable of processing emulsions.

The present invention refers to an ice-making machine provided with an ice formation reservoir (2), an auxiliary tank (6) and an ice storage region (5). Inner part of reservoir (2) is provided with a transport element (16), a shovel (4) with angular movement and a finger-type evaporator (3) forming ice pieces. During ice manufacturing process, shovel (4) moves periodically at low frequencies so as to attract impurity particles and water salts, leaving them far from ice piece formation regions. Through the machine of the present invention, impurity-free ice pieces are produced.

The invention discloses a soil column simulation experiment device aiming at reclaimed soil and coal ash matrix in a mining area. The soil column simulation experiment device comprises a transparent column body, a plurality of flange disks, a movable plate, a stainless steel wire gauze, a base disk, a bracket and an underground water level simulation component, wherein the base disk is fixed at one end of the column body; the bracket is connected with the base disk; the column body has a multi-section structure and consists of a plurality of sub column bodies; two adjacent sub column bodies are fixedly connected by one of the flange disks; the movable plate and the stainless steel wire gauze are accommodated in a groove of the flange disk close to the bottom; and the underground water level simulation component is connected to the bottom of the base disk. The soil column simulation experiment device has the advantages that when capillary water rises, experiments such as soil water and salt movement under an atmosphere rainfall condition, soil water and salt movement under an evaporation condition and soil water and salt movement under an underground water level change control condition can be simulated; and the water and salt movement in the coal ash matrix of the reclaimed soil filled by the mining area coal ash can be dynamically observed through the device, so that a reclaiming mode suitable for crop growth can be found out.

The invention discloses methods for removing calcium and magnesium and co-producing water and salt by a low-cost process during sea water desalination. By the methods, on the basis of removing the calcium and magnesium in the sea water desalination industry, water and salt producing processes can be integrated, so that fresh water can be produced when the crude salt is produced; sea water is treated by a low-cost method for removing calcium and magnesium ions, so that the sea water cannot be scaled, and the sea water desalination and vacuum salt production are linked; the sea water is refined by a lime-mirabilite-carbon dioxide method, and the used raw materials are lime, mirabilite and carbon dioxide which are cheap and readily available; the process comprises the following steps of removing magnesium, namely adding a proper amount of mirabilite into the sea water, adding lime milk, and reacting the magnesium ions to form magnesium hydroxide precipitations so as to remove the magnesium; causticizing, namely causticizing superfluous calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfate to form calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfate precipitations, and separating the produced sodium sulfate precipitation; removing calcium, namely introducing flue gas into concentrated sea water subjected to magnesium removal and causticizing, reacting the calcium hydroxide and the carbon dioxide to form sodium carbonate, reacting the sodium carbonate and the calcium ions to form calcium carbonate so as to remove calcium.

The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating water-salt movement of inland saline-alkali land and a method for screening different salt isolation measures and different coverage measures for preventing salt returning of the saline-alkali land by the experimental device. The experimental device comprises a soil column, a Marriotte bottle, an evaporation control box, a reverse filter layer and moisture, salt and temperature sensors. The soil column is filled with to-be-tested soil mass of the saline-alkali land, the Marriotte bottle is communicated with the lower portion of the soil column to supply water to the soil mass, the evaporation control box is mounted at the top end of the soil column, the reverse filter layer is arranged at the bottom of the soil column, and the moisture, the salt and the temperature sensors are mounted on side walls of the soil column. The experimental device is simple in structure and easy in operation and control of experimental conditions and can be used for laboratory simulation of various experiments such as influences of different measures on soil salinity movement of the saline-alkali land and influences of underground water level on water-salt movement of inland saline-alkali land, measurement results are accurate, and reliable basic data and technical support are provided for inland saline-alkali forestation.

A superabsorbent polymer comprising a delayed absorption superabsorbent polymer having a free water absorbency property of absorbing less than about 3 grams of aqueous saline per gram of superabsorbent polymer in about 6 seconds, for a full particle size distribution of superabsorbent polymer ranging from about 40 micrometers to about 890 micrometers.

The present invention is directed to a water treatment composition, comprising: calcium hypochlorite coated with a coating comprising at least one hydrated or anhydrous salt. The present invention is also directed to a water treatment composition, comprising: (a) an inner core layer comprising calcium hypochlorite; (b) one or more interlayers of selected salts positioned on top of said inner core layer, and (c) one or more outer layers of selected salts positioned on top of said interlayer(s).

The invention discloses an earth pillar simulation device based on a soil water and salt transport rule. The device comprises an earth pillar, sampling holes, an upper Marriott bottle, an infrared lamp, a liquid infusion box, a lower Marriott bottle, a first control valve, a second control valve and an iron support, wherein the iron support is provided with a second base and a first base which are vertical to each other; the earth pillar is arranged on the first base of the iron support; a plurality of sampling holes are respectively and uniformly distributed along different radial directions of the earth pillar around the periphery of the outer wall of the earth pillar; the bottom end and top end of the earth pillar are respectively connected with the bottom end of the lower Marriott bottle and the bottom end of the upper Marriott bottle; the top end of the lower Marriott bottle is connected with a first bottom end of the liquid infusion box through the first control valve; the liquid infusion box is arranged on the second base of the iron support; the second bottom end is connected with the top end of the upper Marriott bottle through the second control valve; and the infrared lamp is fixed on the top end of the iron support. According to the earth pillar simulation device, the simulation test functions can be expanded, and the simulation test cost is reduced.

The invention provides a high-strength high-permeability chemical sand prevention agent, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The high-strength high-permeability chemical sand prevention agent is composed of a proppant, a cementing agent, an accelerator, a curing agent and a coupling agent according to a certain ratio. The preparation method comprises the following steps: above raw materials are mixed at a specific temperature, and are stirred, and the obtained mixture is cured for a certain period of time to obtain the high curing strength sand prevention agent. The sand prevention agent has good tolerance to acid, water, salt and oil, has high stability in high temperature and high humidity environment, and is mainly used in chemical sand prevention well extract production, serious casing deformation well sand prevention, and sand prevention of wells without mechanical sand prevention and oil water wells with low reservoir temperature in order to increase liquid production of the oil well, prolong the period of validity of well sand prevention, increase the amount of oil and reduce the production cost.

The invention relates to a method for quickly modifying severe soda alkali-saline soil. The invention provides the method for quickly modifying the severe soda alkali-saline soil in order to solve the problem that the modifying effect is lowered as soil clay particles are scattered when the soil clay particles encounter water, soil water cannot permeate below the tillage layer and be separated from the tillage layer due to the blockage of soil pores, and soil modification is limited. The method for quickly improving the severe soda alkali-saline soil comprises the following steps of: 1, deeply loosening severe soda alkali-saline land in a grid way so as to form deeply loosened soil conditions which are favorable to the downward infiltration of soil water and salt; 2, determining the use quantity of a gypsum modifier according to the pH value of the soil in the tillage layer of the severe soda alkali-saline land, and then uniformly scattering the gypsum modifier on the surface of the deeply loosened severe soda alkali-saline soil; and 3, mixing the gypsum modifier within the 20 cm soil layer of the severe soda alkali-saline land by mechanical rotary tillage. The method belongs to the technical field of severe soil modification.

A system and method for desalination of seawater W having an original water salinity and an original water concentration of scale forming components, the system comprising: a pre-treatment sub-system for at least partial removal from said water W of said scale forming components, producing thereby a pre-treated feed water having a first concentration of scale forming components lower than said original concentration of scale forming components; a forward feed flow multi-effect evaporator adapted for distillation of said pre-treated feed water, producing thereby main desalted water product WM having a desalted water salinity lower than said water salinity, and main brine having a salt concentration of approximately 10%; a concentrator adapted for receiving therein said main brine and concentrating it, producing thereby more concentrated brine with an increased salt concentration of approximately 20%-22%, and releasing a first additional desalted water product W1; and a crystallizer for receiving said more concentrated brine, adapted for crystallization thereof to obtain at least solid salt products and releasing a second additional desalted water product W2.

The present invention relates to a nano liquid for decompression and augmented injection of tight oil water-flooding, and a preparation method and application thereof. The nano liquid for decompression and augmented injection is composed of 0.1-1% of hydrophobic nano-silica, 0.3-3% of a dispersant, 0.2-1% of a dispersing aid and the balance of water. The hydrophobic nano-silica has particle size between 12-22 nm, and median diameter between 16-18 nm; and the hydrophobic nano-silica is prepared from fumed nano silica and an organic silicon compound by a wet modification method. The dispersant is octylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600 or glycerin. The dispersing aid is NaOH, Na2SiO3 or n-butanol. The nano liquid for decompression and augmented injection employs water base dispersion and has the advantages of environment-friendliness, simple preparation and good stability. Under the action of stratum water salt ions, the hydrophobic nano-silica is adsorbed on the surface of the rock, so that wetting conversion generates on the rock surface to produce hydrophobic slip effect and reduce flow resistance and injection pressure.

The invention discloses a reclamation method for rural residence lands on a coastal saline land region. The method includes the first step that building rubbish of the waste residence lands is cleared out; the second step that land leveling is performed on a reclamation area; the third step that water-salt control is performed, according to road planning, the treated reclamation area is divided into land blocks, new irrigation and drainage projects are constructed, and subsurface drainage pipes, water-collecting pipes and water-collecting wells are laid; the fourth step that biological improvement projects are constructed, organic fertilizer and planting green manure are applied to increase the content of organic materials and microorganisms in soil, improve the activity of the soil and complete soil reclamation of the residence lands. According to the method, the residence lands wasted in rural districts are reclaimed into cultivated lands, the utilization rate of the lands is improved, the agricultural acreage is increased, the technologies of land arrangement, water-salt control and biological improvement are organically integrated, and therefore the soil productivity of the residence land can be effectively recovered and farm land ecological environment can be improved. Thus, the reclamation method for the rural residence lands on the coastal saline land region is a practical technology method.

Cementitious compositions and methods for preparing and using the cementitious compositions to yield hardened concrete. The cementitious compositions yield hardened concrete having reduced or attenuated water vapor emission and lower internal relative humidity (IRH). Cementitious compositions are characterized by the property of rapid surface drying while maintaining good workability, particularly when using porous lightweight aggregates that absorb substantial amounts of water. Methods of decreasing water availability and increasing surface drying of concrete, including lightweight concrete, are provided. A water soluble ionic salt may be used to sequester water within the pores and capillaries of the cement paste and / or porous lightweight aggreate by modifying the colligative propertie of pore water. The salt may be added directly to concrete or the concrete mix water, or, alternatively, aggregates may be infused with a water-salt solution to provide treated porous aggregates having improved water saturation and water retention.

The invention discloses a tidal-reach ecological-environment water demand amount calculation method. Requirements of a tidal reach for maintaining basic river ecological-environment functions and satisfying water-salt balance, percolating recharging and river dilution and self-purification functions are considered on the basis of clarifying a tidal-reach ecological-environment water demand amountconcept, and composition of tidal-reach ecological-environment water demand amounts is clearly defined; an ecological-environment water demand amount model of the tidal reach on the basis of water quality consideration is constructed, and an ecological-environment water demand amount of the tidal reach on the basis of water quality consideration is calculated; an ecological-environment water demand amount model of the tidal reach on the basis of silt scouring and harbor protection consideration is constructed, and an ecological-environment water demand amount on the basis of silt scouring andharbor protection consideration is calculated; a basic riverway ecology water demand amount demanded by the tidal reach is determined on the basis of long-series flow data; and finally, a riverway ecological-environment water demand amount of the tidal reach of a coastal area is determined through comparing the ecological-environment water demand amount demanded by the tidal riverway in consideration of a water quality factor and the ecological-environment water demand amount demanded in consideration of silt scouring and harbor protection.

The invention relates to a method for fast and efficient improvement greening of coastal saline soil. The method comprises a step 1) of digging a planting trough, a step 2) of laying a horizontal salt drainage system; a step 3) of laying a vertical salt drainage ventilation system; a step 4) of performing soil structure improvement; a step 5) of performing irrigation leaching and a step 6) of performing soil fertility improvement and nursery stock transplanting maintenance. According to the method, the leaching efficiency and a desalting effect of the coastal saline soil are improved. By adoption of the method, horizontal and vertical motion of irrigation leaching water in soil can be improved, irrigation leaching water salt leaching efficiency and drainage and desalting efficiency of the horizontal and vertical salt drainage systems are improved, and the saline soil improvement time is shortened.

The invention discloses a large-scale soil water-heat-force-salt four-field coupling effect test system and a method and relates to the research field of soil engineering soil body indoor freezing andthawing test. The system comprises a loading frame, a loading system, a water replenishing system, a temperature control system, a data acquisition and control system and a forming system, the loading system applies the axial load and the confining pressure to the soil body, the water replenishing system can simulate the supply of the soil body by different salt content and water head, the temperature control system realizes the constant temperature water supply for the freezing and thawing circulation and the water replenishing system of the soil body, the data acquisition and control systemmonitors the temperature and distribution of water and salt, pressure, the pore water pressure, the vertical and the transverse deformation of soil, the gas pressure of the gas pressure chamber in real time, controls data acquisition and imaging processing, and the forming system is used for compacting the designed soil material and shaping the soil body used for the test. The indoor soil body freezing and thawing process test of water-heat-force-salt four-field coupling effect is realized for the study of the freezing and thawing test of the soil.

The invention discloses a home position restoring method of biological reinforced alkaline polluted soil in the environmental restoring technique, which is characterized by the following: adding biological degradation bacteria in the alcaline polluted soil; using mechanic digging method to construct loose biological layer in the salt immersing course; blocking capillary phenomenon to avoid salt return phenomenon; improving the efficiency of water immersed salt; modifying the crumb structure and fertility of alcaline soil; restoring the planting ability of the soil with widely extending prospect in the pollution harnessing course.

The invention discloses an experimental apparatus and method for simulating the influence of the underground water level of a coastal reclamation area on water-salt movement. A transparent cuboid soil box is placed into a transparent underground water level control box; a moisture sensor installing hole, a salinity sensor installing hole, a temperature sensor installing hole and a sampling hole are formed in the side wall of the soil box along a direction parallel to the center line of a column body at different radial heights; a filter layer is formed at the bottom of soil in the cuboid soil box, and is wrapped with non-woven cloth; a water flow hole is formed in a side wall which is at the same height as the filter layer; a detachable grid movable plate is arranged on the side wall of the cuboid soil box; an infrared lamp or an incandescent lamp is arranged above the cuboid soil box; a water pipe and a water valve are arranged at positions, which are close to the bottom, on the underground water level control box. By adopting the experimental apparatus and method, soil water-salt movement under the condition of rising of the underground water level due to seawater intrusion in the coastal reclamation area can be simulated, real-time dynamic monitoring can be performed, and the soil water-salt movement rule can be researched by changing different experimental conditions such as different water qualities and water levels in the underground water level control box.

A system for purifying a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture comprises a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture feed containing impurities in fluid communication with an aqueous alkaline solution feed; the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture and aqueous alkaline solution feeds in fluid communication with a neutralization drum having a aqueous salt phase outlet; a aqueous salt phase feed containing impurities in fluid communication with a decomposer reactor having an oxidized aqueous salt phase outlet; an oxidizing agent feed in fluid communication with the aqueous salt phase feed containing the impurities prior to the decomposer reactor; and an oxidized aqueous salt phase feed containing water-soluble oxidized derivatives of the impurities in fluid communication with the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture prior to the neutralization drum.

A process is described for recovering alkali-chloride and alkali-sulfate salts from a salt solution. The salt solution comprises alkali metal, chloride and sulfate ions and is directed to a hydrous salt crystallization unit which crystallizes hydrated sulfate salts that comprise sulfate and at least one alkali metal. A purged solution from the hydrous salt crystallization unit is directed to a chloride salt crystallization unit while the hydrated sulfate salt crystals are melted to form an aqueous sulfate solution which is directed to a sulfate crystallization unit. Anhydrous sulfate salts are crystallized from the aqueous sulfate solution to form sulfate salt crystals comprising sulfate and at least one alkali metal. In the chloride salt crystallization unit, chloride salt is crystallized to form chloride salt crystals. A purge from the chloride salt crystallization unit is directed to the hydrous salt crystallization unit.

A superabsorbent polymer comprising a delayed absorption superabsorbent polymer having a free water absorbency property of absorbing less than about 3 grams of aqueous saline per gram of superabsorbent polymer in about 6 seconds, for a full particle size distribution of superabsorbent polymer ranging from about 40 micrometers to about 890 micrometers.