The invention relates to the technical field of mine support, and particularly relates to a test bed for testing integrated mechanical properties of an anchor rod and a test method. The test bed comprises a pushing and mixing test mechanism, an installation pretension test mechanism, a bending load test mechanism, an axial load test mechanism, a shearing load test mechanism and an impact load test mechanism, wherein the pushing and mixing test mechanism and the installation pretension test mechanism are arranged on an installation test bed, and the bending load test mechanism, the axial load test mechanism, the shearing load test mechanism and the impact load test mechanism are arranged on a work test bed. By using the test bed, the installing and working process of the anchor rod can be simulated in a laboratory, and one or multiple combined external forces such as torsion, stretching, bending, shearing and impact are applied to the anchor rod; and mutually independent loading systems are adopted to apply corresponding loads to the anchor rod, so as to carry out independent experiments of various loads in the installing and working process of the anchor rod or a combined loading test of a plurality of any working stresses such as stretching, shearing and impact caused by installation stress and surrounding rock deformation, thereby effectively testing the integrated mechanical properties of the anchor rod under the combined action of various different external forces.