The invention discloses a method and device for detecting defects and failures of a high-speed rail based on vibration signals, belonging to the technical field of railway
safety monitoring and protection. The invention solves the problem that the operating efficiency of a
train is seriously influenced when a current
measurement device detects the defects and failures of the high-speed rail. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, acquiring a vibration
signal of the high-speed rail by a
vibration acceleration transducer, carrying out experience mode
decomposition on the vibration
signal, and acquiring n IMF (Intrinsic Mode Function) components and one residual error; 2, calculating a
correlation coefficient ui (i=1, 2, ......, n) of the n IMF components acquired in the step 1 and the acquired vibration
signal, and selecting the IMF component, the
correlation coefficient ui of which is larger than a threshold
lambda, as defect and failure feature information IMF; 3, respectively calculating power
spectral density of the defect and failure feature information IMF acquired in the step 2; and 4, determining defect and failure parts of the high-speed rail according to the power
spectral density of the defect and failure feature information IMF acquired in the step 3, and finishing the detection of the defects and failures of the high-speed rail.