189 results about "Ultra lightweight" patented technology

An advanced internal combustion-electric hybrid airplane, having at least double the flight range and flight duration than a conventional equivalent airplane, while using the same amount of any desirable fuel. This is achieved by using 2-3× smaller and ultra-lightweight engine for cruising, and ultra-lightweight electric motor powered by lithium batteries during take-off and climbing. The electric motor becomes a generator during cruising and descent, recharging said batteries. The airplane has also temporary silent electric stealth capability and added safety by the electric back-up power. Due to its high efficiency, the operational cost is substantially reduced. Additional features include highly advanced, minimum drag and weight airframe.

An increase in effective propped lengths is evidenced in hydraulic fracturing treatments by the use of ultra lightweight (ULW) proppants. The ULW proppants have a density less than or equal to 2.45 g / cc and may be used as a mixture in a first proppant stage wherein at least one of the proppants is a ULW proppant. Alternatively, sequential proppant stages may be introduced into the formation wherein at least one of the proppant stages contain a ULW proppant and where at least one of the following conditions prevails:(i.) the density differential between the first proppant stage and the second proppant stage is greater than or equal to 0.2 g / cc;(ii.) both the first proppant stage and the second proppant stage contain a ULW proppant;(iii.) the rate of injection of the second proppant stage into the fracture is different from the rate of injection of the first proppant stage; or(iv.) the particle size of the second proppant stage is different from the particle size of the first proppant stage.

A structured composite is comprised of particulates having particle size distribution of at least two modes and a binder. The particle size distribution is preferably bi-modal or tri-modal. The composite may further contain a density-modifying agent for modifying the density of the composite. The particulates are preferably substantially spherical and may be ultra lightweight (ULW) materials. The resulting composites exhibit the requisite strength to survive downhole imposed stresses and temperatures.

A subterranean formation having natural fractures, which is to be subjected to hydraulic fracturing, is first pre-treated with an ultra lightweight (ULW) proppant having an average particle size between from about 12 / 20 to about 40 / 70. The small ULW proppant flows into the natural fractures and packs the fractures. The formation is then subjected to hydraulic fracturing. The pre-treatment serves to enhance the effective propped fracture length of the formation during the hydraulic fracturing by reducing the loss of fluid from the subsequently pumped fracturing fluid. The method is applicable to hydrocarbon bearing formations as well as non-hydrocarbon bearing formations and has particular applicability to coal beds.

A structured composite is comprised of particulates having particle size distribution of at least two modes and a binder. The particle size distribution is preferably bi-modal or tri-modal. The composite may further contain a density-modifying agent for modifying the density of the composite. The particulates are preferably substantially spherical and may be ultra lightweight (ULW) materials. The resulting composites exhibit the requisite strength to survive downhole imposed stresses and temperatures.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a training method and apparatus of a neural network, and an object identification method and apparatus. The training method of a neural network includes the steps: establishing an initial neural network model, wherein the initial neural network model, is an ultra lightweight network SqueezeNet model; acquiring a training sample, and preprocessing the training sample; inputting the training sample which is obtained through preprocessing into the initial neural network model, and according to the first output of determining the loss value of the first output and the preset expectation according to the initial neural network model; and according to the loss value, adjusting the network parameters of the initial neural network model, and generating a target neural network model. The training method of a neural network establishes a high precision target neural network with few parameters and small occupied memory, so as to enable the target neuralnetwork model which is obtained through training to be applied to a mobile terminal, without depending on setting of a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), thus improving adaptability of the target neuralnetwork model.

A storable suspension for the treatment of a subterranean formation contains an ultra lightweight (ULW) particulate and a carrier fluid of xanthan gum or a xanthan variant, a polysaccharide and water. The suspension exhibits a high viscosity at low shear rates and does not appear to separate for at least one week. The weight ratio of polysaccharide:xanthan in the storable suspension is between from about 8:1 to about 1:8. Prior to introducing the suspension into the formation, a foaming agent may be added, preferably in an amount sufficient to render a foam quality between from about 30 to about 98.

Disclosed are aspects of board finishing systems. For example, in various aspects, disclosed are joint compound compositions, wall assemblies, methods of treating walls, and products related to any of the foregoing, including reinforcement trim, e.g., for protecting corners where boards meet, fasteners, and tape. The joint compound preferably is a drying type composition with reduced shrinkage property, and includes binder and hollow spheres, resulting in an ultra lightweight formulation in some embodiments. The joint compound composition can be applied in a one-coat treatment in preferred embodiments. Other aspects of board finishing system accommodate such a one-coat treatment to thusly allow a user to manipulate the compound closer to the plane of board as compared with conventional formulations. Joint tape and reinforcement trim can include non-swelling synthetic paper facing material in some embodiments.

A subterranean formation having natural fractures, which is to be subjected to hydraulic fracturing, is first pre-treated with an ultra lightweight (ULW) proppant having an average particle size between from about 12 / 20 to about 40 / 70. The small ULW proppant flows into the natural fractures and packs the fractures. The formation is then subjected to hydraulic fracturing. The pre-treatment serves to enhance the effective propped fracture length of the formation during the hydraulic fracturing by reducing the loss of fluid from the subsequently pumped fracturing fluid. The method is applicable to hydrocarbon bearing formations as well as non-hydrocarbon bearing formations and has particular applicability to coal beds.

In a method of hydraulically fracturing a hydrocarbon-bearing subterranean formation, a proppant stage is introduced into the fracture which contains a gaseous fluid and an ultra lightweight proppant suspended in a viscosified aqueous fluid. The gaseous fluid of the proppant stage contains at least about 90 volume percent of the combination of gaseous fluid and aqueous fluid. A pad fluid may first be introduced into the formation, the pad fluid containing a gaseous fluid and, optionally, an aqueous fluid. The gaseous fluid of the pad fluid mixture typically contains at least 70 volume percent of the mixture.

Hollow non-porous metallic spheres may be used in treatment of subterranean formations, including hydraulic fracturing and sand control methods, such as gravel packing. The spheres typically having a diameter ranging from about 4 mesh to about 100 mesh. When employed in deep water environments having high closure stresses, the spheres have a thicker wall and are characterized by the higher ASG, typically between 2.5 to about 4.0. The ASG of the spheres, when less harsh environments are encountered, is generally ultra lightweight (ULW) with an ASG less than or equal to 2.0. Fracture conductivity may be increased by the placement of the hollow non-porous metallic spheres as a partial monolayer.

Disclosed are aspects of board finishing systems. For example, in various aspects, disclosed are joint compound compositions, wall assemblies, methods of treating walls, and products related to any of the foregoing, including reinforcement trim, e.g., for protecting corners where boards meet, fasteners, and tape. The joint compound preferably is a drying type composition with reduced shrinkage property, and includes binder and hollow spheres, resulting in an ultra lightweight formulation in some embodiments. The joint compound composition can be applied in a one-coat treatment in preferred embodiments. Other aspects of board finishing system accommodate such a one-coat treatment to thusly allow a user to manipulate the compound closer to the plane of board as compared with conventional formulations. Joint tape and reinforcement trim can include non-swelling synthetic paper facing material in some embodiments.

The invention relates to a lightweight bidirectional authentication protocol which can be used in an RFID system of the Internet of Things. The bidirectional challenging response of a backstage and an RFID label is achieved based on a dual authentication mechanism of 'bidirectional random number-new and old key pair, the pseudo random number and the clock parameter are bound through the time attachment encryption, and the trust worthiness of the freshness amount of the protocol can be improved. The protocol participates in authentication through the new and old key pair preset by a backstage database to resist the desynchronizatio excluding the RFID system, and the unbalance between the backstage and a label key is avoided. A reader and the backstage resist the desynchronization from the interior of a system through the time attachment encryption / decryption, and the occurrence that the backstage refuses an authentication label perpetually due to the fact that a malicious reader releases information again is avoided. In addition, the key is updated through the Hash operation, the parameter is corrected by alternately adopting the ultra-lightweight Mixbits function, and the tracking prevention and forward direction safety of the protocol are guaranteed on the basis of reducing the protocol calculating expenditure. The protocol has the advantages of being safe, efficient, flexible and suitable for the fields of identifying the low-cost RFID system, updating the key and the like.

A lightweight structural concrete with screw-ability and nail-ability similar to wood is composed of non-structural and ultra lightweight aggregate such as expanded perlite of a particular size distribution and amount, entrained air cells of another specific size distribution and amount, and dense cementitious composition of a cement binder, a fine grade structural filler no larger than masonry sand grade, a pozzolan, and optional micro-fibers for reinforcement. This structural concrete matrix is optimized to hold 13 gauge T-nails and bugle head wood screws with thread ranging from 8 to 11 threads per inch and diameter of 0.10″ to 0.137″. The resulting concrete will have consistent screw-ability and nail-ability similar that of wood.

The invention provides an ultra-lightweight RFID bidirectional authentication method based on a label ID. A bit operation method and a cyclic check code method are used for encrypting transmission information, so that the operation quantity of a label and a reader-writer is reduced, a communication protocol can reach an ultra-lightweight level, and the authentication time is shortened; the reader-writer generates a random number, so the cost of the label can be reduced; unique identifier information of the shared label of the label and the reader-writer is fully used to reduce the introduction and storage of the information; the reader-writer calculates a new shared key and transmits the new shared key to the label via simple encryption, and the label only needs to carry out simple xor operation to obtain the new shared key, so the operation quantity of the label is reduced; and the information transmitted between the label and the reader-writer is transmitted after being encrypted, so that an attacker is unlikely to obtain effective information, and thus the security performance can be effectively improved.

An ultra lightweight semiconductor device such as a photovoltaic device is fabricated on a non-etchable barrier layer which is disposed upon an etchable substrate. The device is contacted with an appropriate etchant for a period of time sufficient to remove at least a portion of the thickness of the substrate. The barrier layer prevents damage to the photovoltaic material during the etching process. Photovoltaic devices fabricated by this method have specific power levels in excess of 300 w / kg.

Disclosed are aspects of board finishing systems. For example, in various aspects, disclosed are joint compound compositions, wall assemblies, methods of treating walls, and products related to any of the foregoing, including reinforcement trim, e.g., for protecting corners where boards meet, fasteners, and tape. The joint compound preferably is a drying type composition with reduced shrinkage property, and includes binder and hollow spheres, resulting in an ultra lightweight formulation in some embodiments. The joint compound composition can be applied in a one-coat treatment in preferred embodiments. Other aspects of board finishing system accommodate such a one-coat treatment to thusly allow a user to manipulate the compound closer to the plane of board as compared with conventional formulations. Joint tape and reinforcement trim can include non-swelling synthetic paper facing material in some embodiments.

A rear suspension road bicycle frame uses an integrated rear shock absorbing assembly installed in a typical diamond bicycle frame with a head tube, down tube, top tube, seat tube, tubular chainstays, tubular seat stays, brake bridge at the top of the seat stays connecting them, the shock absorbing assembly having an elastomer shock absorbing spring member with a slide affixed to the brake bridge, and a sliding bearing in the upper wishbone so that the preloaded spring member absorbs shock and the frame absorbs flexing tending to unload the spring member.

An increase in effective propped lengths is evidenced in hydraulic fracturing treatments by the use of ultra lightweight (ULW) proppants. The ULW proppants have a density less than or equal to 2.45 g / cc and may be used as a mixture in a first proppant stage wherein at least one of the proppants is a ULW proppant. Alternatively, sequential proppant stages may be introduced into the formation wherein at least one of the proppant stages contain a ULW proppant and where at least one of the following conditions prevails: (i.) the density differential between the first proppant stage and the second proppant stage is greater than or equal to 0.2 g / cc; (ii.) both the first proppant stage and the second proppant stage contain a ULW proppant; (iii.) the rate of injection of the second proppant stage into the fracture is different from the rate of injection of the first proppant stage; or (iv.) the particle size of the second proppant stage is different from the particle size of the first proppant stage.

The invention relates to ultra-lightweight concrete and a preparation method thereof. The ultra-lightweight concrete is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of a cementing material, 40 to 45 parts of water, 0.45 to 0.55 part of a water-reducing agent, 10 to 15 parts of latex, 0.35 to 0.45 part of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, and 68 to 88 parts of hollow glass microbeads. During preparation, the materials are prepared first; the cementing material, water, the water reducing agent and the latex are added and stirred; then polyvinyl alcohol fiber and the hollow glass microbeads are added in sequence; injection molding and demoulding are carried out to obtain a semi-product; the semi-product is put into a curing chamber for standard curing, so that the ultra-lightweight concrete is obtained. Compared with the prior art, the ultra-lightweight concrete and the preparation method have the advantages that industrial waste slags are sufficiently utilized to serve as a raw material; the prepared ultra-lightweight concrete is low in dry density, high in compressive strength, good in heat preservation and insulation effect, energy-saving, environment-friendly, and wide in application range.

The invention discloses a radio frequency identification (RFID) safety communication method established according to an ultra-lightweight RFID bidirectional authentication protocol. By adoption of the method, the security problems of a low-grade tag RFID system can be effectively solved. The method has the main characteristics of security, high efficiency, simplicity and practicability. A tag is only required to provide simple operation such as random number generator operation, exclusive-OR operation, modular operation (MOD) and displacement. Resources required by the simple operation are extremely limited, so the scheme is in complete accordance with an EPCglobal C1G2 tag specification, has the characteristics of low storage cost, low operation cost, low communication cost, novel and simple algorithm and the like, and is easy to implement. The method has the advantages that the problems about synchronization of the tag and a rear-end database key, forward security and security privacy (privacy leak, flow analysis and positioning tracking) can be effectively solved, and the common security problems of an RFID system about imitation attack, cloning attack, monitoring attack, replay attack and denial-of-service attack are solved. The method is quite applicable to solving the security problems of an EPCglobal C1G2 RFID tag.

A lightweight, low-cost, and highly sensitive aerosol sensor measures aerosol concentrations remotely. A fiber laser sends pulses outward toward the target area from a carbon-fiber telescope using ultra-lightweight optical elements. Light is received back in the same telescope or in another similar telescope depending on the aerosol concentration or other contents of the atmosphere. The sensor is lightweight, low-cost and has high performance. The system also measures aerosol profiles over a hemispherical volume to produce a three-dimensional measurement within the range of the laser.

An improved method for building a plug in a horizontal wellbore using a fluid pill pumped into the wellbore at the end of a fracturing treatment. The fluid pill includes a high concentration of an ultra lightweight proppant, such as a neutrally buoyant proppant or an ultra lightweight proppant mixture. The fluid pill is pumped down the wellbore until it almost reaches fractures within a zone of interest. The pumping is then ceased or reduced, allowing the fractures to partially close. The ultra lightweight proppant remains suspended within the fluid pill while stationary. The pumping is then resumed at a very slow rate or as a short pump burst, thus causing the proppant in the fluid pill to bridge off until a bridge plug is formed.

A dual-use ladder and bridge modular system preferably includes tubes, gussets, flanges, and / or joints. In a preferred embodiment, the tubes, gussets, flanges, and / or joints are made of carbon fiber. In one embodiment, a removable platform converts the segmented ladder system into a bus assault ladder / platform. Another preferred embodiment includes a bridge conversion kit. Yet another preferred embodiment includes a stretcher cover. When none of the bus assault platform, the bridge conversion kit, or the stretcher cover are needed, the ladder can be used as normal, or stored in a carry bag.

The invention discloses an ultra-lightweight virtual machine-based cloud computing dynamic resource scheduling system and method. The method comprises the steps of collecting a virtual resource index of each application instance from a cloud computing environment, and predicting the time when a virtual resource of one application instance reaches a usage rate upper limit by using a prediction function with a minimum error as a prediction function of the application instance through a fitting function; performing task ranking on each application instance subjected to resource dynamic allocation according to the predicted upper limit time and a signed SLA protocol; and scheduling the application instance selected in a task queuing module to a demander according to a ranking sequence, and recovering the virtual resource, of which the usage rate already exceeds a lower limit, of an application, thereby realizing resource dynamic allocation. According to the system and the method, the resource balanced use is realized more efficiently, satisfactory load balancing is achieved under low consumption, and the comprehensive efficiency of resource scheduling is improved.

A low viscosity fluid for reducing fluid loss in a relatively low permeability formation has a viscosity of less that 10 CP and contains a low molecular weight viscosifying agent The aqueous medium may be fresh water, salt water, brine or slickwater. The invention has particular applicability when an ultra lightweight (ULW) proppant or sand control particulate is employed. The fluid may be used in reservoirs having a relative permeability less than 10 mD.

The present invention provides a silicon carbide-based heat-resistant, ultra lightweight, porous structural material having the same shape as that of a spongy porous body and also provides a process for readily producing the material. In the process of the present invention, slurry containing silicon powder and a resin is applied to the framework of the spongy porous body by an impregnation method in such a manner that interconnected pores of the porous body are not plugged with the slurry; the resulting porous body is carbonized at a temperature of 900° C. to 1320° C. in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere; the resulting porous body is subjected to reactive sintering at a temperature of 1320° C. or more in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere, whereby silicon carbide having high wettability to molten silicon is produced and open pores due to a volume reduction reaction are formed in one step; and molten silicon is infiltrated into the resulting porous body at a temperature of 1300° C. to 1800° C. in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere, whereby the silicon carbide-based heat-resistant, ultra-lightweight, porous structural material is produced.

The seat for an aircraft passenger is, in particular, very light.It consists principally of a structure (1), a back (2) and a base (3). The structure (1) is rigid and tubular. It may be obtained as a single piece by rotational moulding of a plastic or, alternatively, by extrusion-bending or bladder inflation moulding if the structure (1) consists of several tubes assembled with one another in rigid fashion.Application to civil aircraft seats, in particular in economy class.