The invention provides a 45-degree annular illumination device used for an on-line light splitting color photometer, and belongs to the technical field of color measuring illumination. The device meets the measuring error requirements caused by uniform illumination and tested object vibration compensation in the on-line color measurement, and comprises a pulse xenon lamp, frosted glass, frosted glass diaphragm, a first tubular diaphragm, a second tubular diaphragm, a flat plate diaphragm, a cylindrical surface annular reflector, a lens group, a reflecting prism and a sample measuring branch optical fiber. The device is particularly suitable for being used for the on-line non-contact color measurement, the 45-degree annular illumination can realize more uniform illumination effect on a tested object, the test result stability is enhanced, the illumination device is modularized, the optical fiber interface is standardized, the connection with a universal optical fiber spectrograph is convenient, and meanwhile, the measuring error caused by the vibration of the tested object is minimized by the illumination device.