44 results about "Electrochemical energy conversion" patented technology

An article of electrochemical energy conversion is provided that includes a separator. The separator has a first surface that defines at least a portion of a first chamber, and a second surface that defines a second chamber, and the first chamber is in ionic communication with the second chamber through the separator. The energy storage device further includes a plurality of cathodic materials. The plurality includes at least a first cathodic material and a second cathodic material. Both of the cathodic materials are in electrical communication with the separator and both are capable of forming a metal halide. A proviso is that if either of the first cathodic material or the second cathodic material is a transition metal, then the other cathodic material is not iron, arsenic, or tin.

The invention discloses general apparatus and methods for electrochemical energy conversion and storage via a membraneless laminar flow battery. In a preferred embodiment, the battery includes a flow-through porous anode for receiving a fuel and a porous electrolyte channel for transporting an electrolyte adjacent to the porous anode; a flow-through porous cathode is provided for transporting an oxidant; and a porous dispersion blocker is disposed between the electrolyte channel and the porous cathode, which inhibits convective mixing while allowing molecular diffusion and mean flow. Pore structure properties are selected for tuning convective dispersion, conductivity or other macroscopic properties. Specific materials, reactants, fabrication methods, and operation methods are disclosed to achieve stable charge/discharge cycles and to optimize power density and energy density.

The invention belongs to the field of new energy materials and electrochemical energy conversion devices, and particularly relates to ferrocobalt selenide and a preparation method and application thereof. Ferrocobalt selenide is prepared by means of a two-step hydrothermal method, firstly, a ferrocobalt basic carbonate precursor with a uniform and dense nanosheet shape is prepared by adopting a first-step hydrothermal reaction, and secondly, the precursor is selenized through second-step hydrothermal treatment on the premise of not damaging the uniform and dense nanosheet shape; the preparation method is simple, safe, efficient and controllable. When ferrocobalt selenide is used as an oxygen generating catalyst, since ferrocobalt selenide has a spinel structure, selenized ferrocobalt selenide is a thin nanosheet, more catalytic active sites are exposed, ferrocobalt selenide has high catalytic activity, the starting voltage of the catalyst is low, the overvoltage at a place of 10 mA m<2> is 217 millivolts, and ferrocobalt selenide has electrochemical properties such as lower Tafel slope and good catalytic stability.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a platiniridium/carbon-electro catalyst by using microwave synthesis. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: evenly distributing nanometer carbon carriers in ethylene glycol solution containing both platinum metal salt and iridium metal salt at the same time, wherein the concentration of the platinum salt and the iridium salt is 0.001 to 0.01 mol/L; adding sodium acetate as a stabilizer, wherein the concentration of the sodium acetate in the resulting solution is 0.005 to 0.03 mol/L; then heating the well-distributed mixture of the nanometer carbon carriers and the metal salt ethylene glycol solution for 2 to 4 minutes by microwave radiation, and then filtering, washing and drying to obtain the platiniridium/carbon-electro catalysts. The atomic composition ratio of a platinum iridium alloy is PtxIry, wherein x is 0.1 to 1, and y is 0.1 to 1. The invention has the advantages that the nano-particles of the platinum iridium alloy, which are loaded on the surfaces of the carbon carriers, have small grain diameter averagely from 3 to 4 nm, and the grain diameter distribution is narrow, and the loading capacity of the alloy nano particles on the surface of the carbon carrier is 5% to 30%. The invention also has the advantages of high speed, simple process, high efficiency and energy saving. The platiniridium/carbon-electro catalyst is widely used in the field of electrochemical energy conversion.

A catalyst composition and a use thereof are provided. The catalyst composition includes a support and at least one RuXMY alloy attached to the surface of the support, wherein M is a transition metal and X>=Y. The catalyst composition is used in an alkaline electrochemical energy conversion reaction, and can improve the energy conversion efficiency for an electrochemical energy conversion device and significantly reduce material costs.

The invention discloses a self-humidifying ordered polymer membrane electrode in the technical field of membrane electrodes. The membrane electrode mainly comprises an ion conductor, an anode and a cathode, wherein the ion conductor comprises an ion exchange membrane and ion exchange polymer nanotube arrays which orderly and directionally grow on two surfaces of the ion exchange membrane. A support body of a catalyst in the membrane electrode is an ion exchange polymer nanotube array with one end fused together with the ion exchange membrane. The highly ordered ion exchange polymer nanotube arrays define the electrode porosity and the catalyst surface size in the ordered membrane electrode and can greatly optimize ion, electron and gas three-phase channels of a catalyst layer. The ion exchange polymer nanotube structures have water storage functions, self-humidifying electrochemical energy conversion of the membrane electrode can be achieved, the device system structure is simplified and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.

An electrochemical energy conversion device 10 comprising a stack of solid oxide electrochemical cells 12 alternating with gas separators 14, 16, wherein scavenger material selected from one or both of free alkali metal oxygen-containing compounds and free alkaline earth metal oxygen-containing compounds is provided in or on one or more of the negative electrode-side of the cell 12, the adjacent gas separator 16 and any other structure of the device 10 forming a gas chamber 66 between the cell and the gas separator. The invention also extends to the treated cell 12.

An electrochemical energy conversion system comprises an electrochemical energy conversion device, in fluid communication with a source of liquid carrier of hydrogen and an oxidant, for receiving, catalyzing and electrochemically oxidizing at least a portion of said hydrogen to generate electricity, a hydrogen depleted liquid, and water; and a recharging component for connecting said electrochemical conversion system to a source of electricity for rehydrogenating the hydrogen depleted liquid across said electrochemical energy conversion device.

An electrochemical energy conversion and storage system includes an electrochemical energy conversion device, such as a fuel cell that is in fluid communication with a hydrogen or electrically regenerable organic liquid fuel and an oxidant, for receiving, catalyzing and electrochemically oxidizing at least a portion of the fuel to generate electricity, a thus partially oxidized liquid fuel, and water. The liquid fuel includes six-membered ring cyclic hydrocarbons with functional group substituents, wherein the ring hydrogens may undergo an electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenation to the corresponding aromatic molecules. Comprising ring-substituent functional groups may also be electrochemically oxidized now with a potential incorporation of oxygen thus providing an additional capacity for energy storage. The partially oxidized spent liquid fuel may be electrically regenerated in with now an input of electricity and water to the device, generating oxygen as a by-product. Alternatively, the recovered spent fuel may be conveyed to a facility where it is reconstituted by catalytic hydrogenation or electrochemical hydrogenation processes.

The invention discloses an innovative fuel cell-type electrochemical energy conversion device and method of potentially high power density capability, suitable especially for stand-alone applications such as electricity-powered vehicles The inventive device, named “storage fuel cell”, may be viewed as a converted storage battery, including plates, electrolyte and separators that can be similar to the ordinary known lead-acid battery. Thus it can be charged from an electrical source, or discharged across an external load with the usually high surge current features of storage batteries. An innovative additional charging mode of the storage fuel cell, by chemical reactions of each electrode with fuel and oxidizer supplied at specific flow ratios, is however the prime object of this invention.

Whereas all types of prior art fuel cells exchange ions between the electrodes, across the electrolyte, each of the electrodes of the instant fuel cell independently exchanges ions, only using their adjoining electrolyte.

An electrochemical energy conversion device 10 comprising a stack of solid oxide electrochemical cells 12 alternating with gas separators 14, 16, wherein scavenger material selected from one or both of free alkali metal oxygen-containing compounds and free alkaline earth metal oxygen-containing compounds is provided in or on one or more of the positive electrode-side of the cell 12, the adjacent gas separator 14 and any other structure of the device 10 forming a gas chamber 64 between the cell and the gas separator. The invention also extends to the treated cell 12.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy conversion, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a high-performance iron-doped tellurium nickel sulfide hydrolysis electrocatalyst. The preparation method of the electrocatalyst provided by the invention comprises the following steps: activating foamed nickel (substrate), synthesizing a precursorby a hydrothermal method, carrying out further sulfurization, and carrying out secondary hydrothermal treatment to obtain the iron-doped tellurium-nickel sulfide composite material with a three-dimensional nano reticular structure. The electrocatalyst provided by the invention is used as an anode catalytic material, has very high electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance under an alkaline condition, and is derived from strong interaction between Fe and Ni, so that active sites of oxygen evolution reaction are increased, and the porous structure of the foamed nickel is more beneficial to electron and proton transmission. Meanwhile, the iron-doped tellurium-nickel sulfide composite material is prepared by using a twice hydrothermal method, so that the iron-doped tellurium-nickel sulfidecomposite material has excellent catalytic activity and electrochemical stability, is simple in method, mild in synthesis condition, green and environment-friendly, does not need very high energy consumption, and has great potential in practical application.

The invention relates to a series hybrid electric vehicle energy storage structure based on elastic energy storage and an energy distribution method and belongs to the technical field of hybrid electric vehicles. The problem that cost increasing and energy source waste caused by a plurality of times of battery replacement existing in an electric vehicle drive energy storage structure is solved. According to the series hybrid electric vehicle energy storage structure based on elastic energy storage and the energy distribution method, energy storage assisting is conducted through elastic energy storage, and an engine works in an efficient and low-emission area as much as possible; energy transmitting is conducted through electric energy conversion, so that a control method is simple and efficient; and meanwhile an elastic energy storage system is used as the energy storage structure, pollution of a chemical battery on the environment is avoided, the service life is longer than that of the chemical battery, and use cost of a vehicle is indirectly reduced. The series hybrid electric vehicle energy storage structure based on elastic energy storage and the energy distribution method are suitable for energy storage of the hybrid electric vehicles.

The invention discloses a Co-Nx/C monatomic catalyst with a composite structure, a preparation method of the Co-Nx/C monatomic catalyst and a fuel cell. The Co-Nx/C monatomic catalyst with the composite structure is of a double-shell hollow structure and comprises an inner shell and an outer shell wrapping the inner shell, the inner shell forms a cavity in a wrapping mode, and a gap is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell; and the materials of the inner shell and the outer shell oth contain Co-Nx monatomic active sites. The composite structure can provide and expose a large number of catalytic active sites, the utilization rate of the catalytic active sites is increased, the stability of the catalytic active sites is good, and the mass-charge transfer efficiency of the catalytic active sites is high. The preparation method is easy in process condition control, stable structure and performance of the Co-Nx/C monatomic catalyst can be guaranteed, and the efficiency is high. The fuel cell comprises the composite-structure Co-Nx/C monatomic catalyst, so that the electrochemical energy conversion efficiency is high.

The invention relates to the field of nanomaterial technology and electrochemical energy conversion and storage, in particular to a preparation method of a few-layer transition metal oxyhydroxide electro-catalysis electrode with a step/crack structure. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving transition metal salt in deionized water to prepare a transition metal salt solution with a certain concentration; then, the metal-based electrode is placed in an oxalic acid solution, in the stirring process, the prepared metal salt solution is mixed in the oxalic acid solution, after a reaction is conducted for a period of time, hydrated metal oxalate is generated on the surface of the metal electrode in situ, and an electrode of an integrated structure is formed; and then, in an alkali solution with a certain concentration, electrochemical activation treatment is carried out, and the transition metal oxyhydroxide nanosheets are converted into few layers of transition metal oxyhydroxide nanosheets with rich steps and crack microstructures in an in-situ topology manner, so that the integrated composite electrode based on the metal current collector is formed. The method can be used for preparing the metal oxyhydroxide integrated electrode with different components, and the metal oxyhydroxide integrated electrode has excellent electro-catalysis water decomposition oxygen production activity.