272 results about "Chromatium" patented technology

The invention relates to sulfur oxide sulfur bacilli and biological eliminating method of chromium in tanning mud. Bacterial strain is named as TS6, preserve mark is CGMCCNO.0759. The method of eliminate chromium in tanning mud by above mentioned sulfur oxide sulfur bacilli is adding 1-3 g / L sulfur into tanning mud in biology reactor, inocualting 10-15% (v / v, the same below) TS6 bacteria strain, stirring, ventilating and subsiding; that 10-20% of subsiding mud backflow to reactor; dehydrating suprplus subsiding mud; adding basic material into liquid part to turn Cr3+ into Cr(OH)3 and subside, sediment is dissolved by sulfuric acid, then there is the tannage stage; solid part is neutralized to agriculture. The elimianting rate of Cr in mud is 95%-100%, reserving rate of nutrient in mud is above 80%.

The invention discloses a rhodococcus erythropolis (rhodococcus sp.) BZ-9 which is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with the accession number of CGMCC No.3695. The invention also discloses a microbial inoculum, the active component of which is the rhodococcus erythropolis BZ-9. The rhodococcus erythropolis BZ-9 and the microbial inoculum thereof have high-efficient degradation performance on various toxic organic substances as well as high degradation ability even under the condition of chromium (VI), and are applicable to treatment on coking wastewater, tanning wastewater, printing and dying wastewater and other organic wastewater containing phenol, pyridine and other toxic organic substances produced in the process of the production of the petrochemical industry.

The present invention is adsorbent for adsorbing six-valent chromium ion and its preparation process. The adsorbent includes silicon-base porous carrier and functional heterocyclic compound group supported through grafting reaction onto the surface of the silicon-base porous carrier. The silicon-base porous carrier is porous silica gel or ordered mesoporous silica; and the heterocyclic compound is nitrogen-containing piperidine, imidazole, triazole, triazo sodium or their salt. The preparation process includes the steps of: adding silicon-base porous material into toluene, adding organosilane coupler to react under the protection of N2, filtering and washing. The adsorbent is suitable for adsorption, separation and elimination of six-valent chromium ion in chromium containing solution.

The invention discloses a repairing method of microorganism in contaminated soil of chromium slag storage yard, comprising the steps of selecting Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB single bacterium, dropping the single bacterium in a liquid culture medium containing Cr (VI) of 50-250mg / L for culturing until Cr (VI) is not detected in the culture solution, selecting strains in a bottle for transferring, gradually improving the Cr (VI) concentration for gradient domestication, adding the domesticated Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB lysate in the contaminated soil, and culturing for 4-5 days at a temperature below 30 DEG C, so as to repair the soil, wherein the amount of the added lysate is that the mass-volume ratio (g: mL) of the soil to the lysate is 1: 2. The invention treats and repairs hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil through the strains with hexavalent chromium reducing capacity, the operation is simple and feasible, the cost is low, and the method is an environment-friendly treatment method.

The invention discloses a method to prepare an attapulgite clay / polyacrylamide compound adsorbent. Coupling agent is adopted to react with the attapulgite clay to achieve surface functionalization, and thereby, modified attapulgite clay with a hydrophobic vinyl functional group surface is prepared; under the protection of inert gas, graft copolymerization of the modified attapulgite clay and acrylamide is conducted by solution polymerization to achieve compound adsorbent with amido functional group. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, and has a wide prospect of application; the compound adsorbent has excellent adsorbing performance to mercury and other heavy-metal ions which can have chelate reaction with amido. When pH is 4.4, the adsorptive capacity to mercury ion is 10-15 times higher than the former attapulgite clay; when pH is 2.0, during the adsorption in the mixed-ion solution of mercury and chromium, the adsorbent has sound selective adsorption capacity to Hg<2+>.

The invention provides a method for removing hexavalent chromium in water. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing ground maize straws, water and hydroxyl polybasic carboxylic acid, and carrying out heating reaction, thereby obtaining modified maize straws; mixing and stirring the modified maize straws and a water body containing the hexavalent chromium under an acidic condition, and then carrying out reaction. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: firstly, the cost of the maize straws is low, and no secondary pollution is generated due to the fact that the maize straws serve as a biological material; secondly, the modified maize straws contain a plurality of carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups for absorbing heavy metal active sites, and the hexavalent chromium can be combined on the surfaces of modified maize straws through an ion exchange mechanism; thirdly, the modified maize straws mainly consist of celluloses, hemicelluloses, lignins and the like and contain a plurality of coordinating groups, and a chelate is prepared by the modified maize straws and hexavalent chromium ions; and finally, the hexavalent chromium mainly exists in a form of HcrO4<-> under the acidic condition, but the modified maize straw protons are positively charged, and the hexavalent chromium and the modified maize straw protons are statically adsorbed to remove the modified maize straw protons.

The invention discloses a microbial remediation method for basic chromium pollution soil. The method comprises the following steps of: adding a bacteria solution according to mass-to-volume ratio (g:mL) of the soil to the bacteria solution of 1:3 by taking Pseudochrobactrumsaccharolyticum LY10 as a mediation strain and taking 10<7>-10<8> cellsmL<1> as the bacteria inoculation concentration, culturing at the temperature of 28 DEG C, and supplementing a culture medium for 5 days at intervals, so that the growth and metabolism activity of the bacteria is maintained. After remediation is realized within 22 days, the Cr(VI) removal rate in the soil is 95.9 percent, and the content of the exchangeable chromium can be obviously reduced; and after remediation, the occurrence form of chromium in the polluted soil is obviously changed, the bio-availability is reduced, and a good remediation effect is achieved. The method is easy to operate, economic, effective and environment-friendly and can provide a technical support for promotion of the bioremediation of the chromium pollution soil.

The invention relates to the field of microbial environment repair, and specifically discloses bacillus licheniformis and an application thereof. The collection number of the bacillus licheniformis is CGMCCNo.10852. The invention further discloses a microbial inoculum containing the bacillus licheniformis and a method for passivating heavy metals. The bacillus licheniformis disclosed by the invention is capable of playing a passivating role on many heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury and chromium) in a water body and soil simultaneously. The removal rates of the bacillus licheniformis provided by the invention for cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury and chromium are up to 73.49%, 68.26%, 81.07%, 58.44% and 70.21% respectively in a water phase. The bacillus licheniformis is also capable of effectively passivating the abovementioned five heavy metals in soil with heavy metal pollution. Moreover, five heavy metals can be passivated simultaneously through adopting the bacillus licheniformis provided by the invention, the operation is simple and convenient, the energy consumption is low, secondary pollution is avoided, the period is short, and high economic benefits and social benefits are achieved.

The present invention discloses a method for removing hexavalent chromium in wastewater by using a beta-cyclodextrin chitosan and walnut shell biochar compounded adsorbent, wherein beta-cyclodextrin and chitosan are compounded, and then the beta-cyclodextrin chitosan is grafted on a walnut shell biochar substrate so as to form the complex. The preparation method comprises: compounding beta-cyclodextrin and chitosan, carrying out high temperature calcination on walnut shell biomass powder formed through air-drying and grinding so as to prepare walnut shell biochar, and compounding the beta-cyclodextrin chitosan onto the biochar surface. The application steps comprise: adding the composite material to hexavalent chromium wastewater with a hexavalent chromium concentration of 20-800 mg / L, wherein the use amount of the composite material is 0.1-1 g / L; and carrying out an oscillation adsorption reaction for a certain time at a temperature of 20-50 DEG C under a pH value of 2-9, and collecting the adsorbent through filtration or precipitation separation so as to complete the removal of the hexavalent chromium ions in the wastewater. The method of the present invention has advantages of low cost, simple process, high adsorption performance, effective waste utilization, easy separation, environmental protection, and the like.

The invention relates to a method for producing multi-micro health triticale malt powder. The method comprises the following steps: immersing plump triticale in sodium selenite solution with concentration of 50 to 300ppm for 5 to 6 hours at the temperature ranging from 15 to 30 degrees, filtering and collecting the sodium selenite solution for further use, immersing the plump triticale in mixed aqueous solution of chromium chloride with concentration of 100 to 600ppm and zinc sulfate with concentration of 100 to 1000ppm for 6 to 7 hours, filtering and collecting the mixed aqueous solution of chromium chloride and zinc sulfate for further use, placing the triticale that has been immersed on a sifting bed for germination, water-bathing malts in distilled water with temperature ranging from 30 to 70 degrees for 3 to 5 hours in order to remove inorganic salts when the malts grow to 1.5 to 3cm, dripping the malts, and air-drying the malts at room temperatures for 24 hours, drying, grinding and packing the malts at the temperature ranging from 30 to 70 degrees, and obtaining the finished edible triticale malt powder enriched with various trace elements such as selenium, chromium and zinc. The triticale malt powder is enriched with the trace elements of selenium, chromium and zinc that are necessary to human bodies, and can be used as food additives and medical nutrients.

The invention relates to a removal method of heavy metal ion in wastewater, such as chrome, belonging to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The removal method is characterized in that nanometer FeSx is produced by culturing a compound bacteria comprising desulfovibrio Sp. CB1. 268, desulfotomaculum Sp. CB1.139, and desulfobacter Sp. CB1.168 in a culture medium comprising lactic acid proteinate, ferrite, sulfate, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Mn, B, Si, and Mo under anaerobic or facultative, and alkaline condition at the temperature between 30 and 39 DEG C for thirty-six to 72 hours; the nanometer FeSx is dissociated into S<2-> and Fe<2+> under acidic condition, can reduce Cr<6+> to Cr<3+>, and generate unsolvable sedimentation of metal sulphides with Ni<2+>, Cu<2+>, Zn<2+>, and other elements; after the sedimentation is separated, the metal ions in the wastewater are removed. The removal method has the advantages of high removal efficiency and low cost.

The invention discloses a leaching method for remediating hexavalent chromium contaminated soil. The method comprises the following steps: (1) slurrying the contaminated soil; (2) fully acidizing materials; (3) adding a reducing agent which is a mixture of calcium polysulfide and ferrite to reduce hexavalent chromium; (4) adding a neutralizing precipitant to precipitate trivalent chromium; and (5) separating solid and liquid, and preparing slurry through supernate. According to the method, a leaching agent and the leaching step are correspondingly simple and convenient to operate, high in safety, low in cost, high in hexavalent chromium recovering efficiency, and hard to cause secondary contamination; meanwhile, wastewater can be recycled, so that the requirement on water for leaching can be met, and as a result, the water resource can be greatly saved, and the secondary contamination caused by drained sewage can be avoided.

The invention discloses a method of treating hexavalent chromium wastewater by immobilized microorganisms. The method aims at solving the problem that the human health is affected as the environment is severely polluted by the hexavalent chromium wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: a step I of preparing immobilized microorganism particles and a step II of treating wastewater, wherein in the step I, a microbial agent is dissolved into a sodium alginate solution, an additive is added to form a mixed solution, then the mixed solution is added into a calcium chloride solution to obtain embedded particles, and the embedded particles are stewed and immobilized, and washed by normal saline to obtain the immobilized microorganism particles. According to the method of treating hexavalent chromium wastewater by immobilized microorganisms disclosed by the invention, by selecting and matching the additive and a culture medium, the treatment effects and treatment efficiency of the hexavalent chromium wastewater can be greatly improved to meet the needs of industrially treating the hexavalent chromium wastewater. The method of treating hexavalent chromium wastewater by immobilized microorganisms has the advantages of low cost, small equipment investment, convenience in operation, and the like, has a wide market prospect and a high application value, and is worthy of being popularized and applied on a large scale.

The invention discloses method and device for biochemically recharging and restoring polluted soils in a chromium slag yard. The device comprises a soil treatment groove containing soils to be treated, a middle pond, a biochemical pond and a bacteria culture pond. Every two parts are connected through a water pipe, chromium polluted soils are installed in the soil treatment groove to be heaped after being crushed by a 2cm sieve, the height of a mound is smaller than 0.8m, and the soils are sprayed by Cr (VI) reducing bacteria (Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB) culture medium with the spraying strength of 0.008-0.015m<3> / h.m<2>; and leachate is collected from the bottom of a soil groove to the middle pond, bacterial liquid in the middle pond is pumped into the biochemical pond by an alkali resistance pump, and bacterial liquid in the biochemical pond circulates again to be used for spraying the soils and is in circulating spraying for 5-7 days until the soil leachate does not contain Cr (VI). By adopting the invention to restore the polluted soils in the chromium slag yard, the removal rate of water-soluble Cr (VI) in the soils achieves 99 percent, and the concentration of Cr (VI) leaching toxicity in the soils after restoring is lower than 0.5mg / L and achieves a standard limited value of roadbed materials and concrete aggregates in Technical Specifications for Chromium Slag Pollution Control (HJ / T301-2007). Simultaneously, the invention has the advantages of having simple technology, low cost and no secondary pollution, improving the physicochemical property of the soils, and the like.

A method comprises the following steps: Step 1, mixing chromium-contaminated soil and lime sulphur and uniformly stirring to carry out a reaction so as to reduce the content of hexavalent chromium in the chromium-contaminated soil to less than 200mg / kg to obtain restored soil, wherein the mass ratio of hexavalent chromium in the chromium-contaminated soil to lime sulphur is 1:1-5; and Step 2, adding an aqueous solution of ethyl lactate into the stored soil obtained from the Step 1, uniformly stirring, culturing for 50 days or more so as to obtain restored soil, wherein 10-200 ml of the aqueous solution of ethyl lactate is added into 1 kg of the restored soil; and mass concentration of the aqueous solution of ethyl lactate is 1%. The restoration method has low cost and is environmentally friendly. By the restoration method, defects that technologies such as a traditional chemical reduction method, a chemical cleaning method and the like have high cost and are easy to produce secondary pollution are overcome.

The invention provides a hypoglycemic ferment compound comprising the following components: 40-60 percent of protein, zinc (50-5000mg / kg), selenium (0.5-1000mg / kg) and chromium (0.5-1000mg / kg), wherein ferment is active ferment or inactive ferment. As a preference, the ferment compound further comprises one or more components selected from the following components: balsam pear or balsam pear extract, kudzu roots or kudzu root extract, gingko extract, green tea extract, ginseng or ginseng extract, glossy ganoderma or glossy ganoderma extract, glossy ganoderma leavening, glossy ganoderma spore powder, sealwort or sealwort extract, yam or yam extract, coix seed or coix seed extract, oats, tartary buckwheat, vitamin C, vitamin E, pearl powder, calcium and iron. The invention also relates to apreparation method of the ferment compound.

The invention discloses an environment-friendly composite microorganism preparation and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of environmental biology; the composite microorganism preparation of the invention comprises the following components: (1) a composite microbial agent accounting for 10% of the total weight and comprising sporobolomyces, bacillus sphaericus, lactobacillus plantarum and rhodobacter sphaeroides; (2) a microorganism carrier accounting for 90% of the total weight and comprising 20-50 parts of wheat bran or rice bran, 160-300 parts of organic bentonite, and 40-80 parts of water. The invention compounds bacteria and fungi, enlarges the application scope, and is applicable to not only deodorization treatment of municipal solid household garbage, production sewage, and the like, but also degradation of waste water polluted by heavy metal chromium.

The invention discloses a soil heavy metal hexavalent chromium biological degrading agent and a production method thereof. The soil heavy metal hexavalent chromium biological degrading agent comprises the following main components: a strain WH2, a strain WH5, a strain WH8, a strain WH20, medical stone, shuck and active organic material. The production method of the soil heavy metal hexavalent chromium biological degrading agent comprises the following processing steps of: mixing the strains WH2, WH5, WH8 and WH20 in proportion to form a WH colony, carrying out secondary strain culture on the WH colony by virtue of a WH colony secondary culture medium, finally mixing the medical stone, shuck and active organic material with active bran bacteria of the WH colony in a formula, fermenting for more than 12 days at normal temperature, smashing, and packaging to obtain the soil heavy metal hexavalent chromium biological degrading agent. An effect is obvious when the biological degrading agent is utilized for degrading heavy metal hexavalent chromium in soil.

The invention discloses a hexavalent chromium contaminated soil in-situ remediation method. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving a water-soluble sulfur-containing reagent into water, preparing 0.1-10 percent of a reducing agent, mixing chromium contaminated soil and the reducing agent in a reactor according to a mass ratio of the soil to the reducing agent being 3:1-1:5, stirring for 0.5-2 hours, and drying. Then, a stabilizer is added for treatment, so that the soil meets the environmental risk control requirement. The hexavalent chromium which is high in toxicity and easy to migrate and can be absorbed and utilized by plants in the soil is completely reduced and immobilized into trivalent chromium which is low in toxicity and difficult to migrate and can be utilized by plants, and bounce is difficultly caused. The in-situ remediation of the heavy metal hexavalent chromium contaminated soil is realized.

The invention relates to a microorganism and a microbial fermentation process thereof, in particular to a chromium-rich yeast culture and a fermentation process thereof. The process is characterized by selecting and screening Candida tropicalis and saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerant of high chromium and carrying out production through a liquid-solid two-phase fermentation process. The process flow comprises that: high-chromium-tolerant (trivalent) strains are screened; the strains are progressively expanded and cultured; liquid fermentation is performed to transform inorganic chromium, wherein the content of the inorganic chromium in a culture medium is 0.05 to 0.4 percent, preferably 0.1 to 0.2 percent, and the time of fermentation and transformation is 12 to 48 hours, preferably 18 to 26hours; after the liquid fermentation is over, culture solution and a solid culture medium are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:3-1.5:1, preferably 1:1, and are subjected to solid aerobic fermentation for 16 to 36 hours, preferably 16 to 24 hours; after the solid aerobic fermentation is over, solid anaerobic fermentation is performed to break the wall of yeast at a temperature kept between40 and 60 DEG C for 6 to 24 hours, preferably at 50 DEG C for 6 to 10 hours; and a finished product after drying contains organic chromium accounting for 0.05 to 0.3 percent. The proportion of transforming the inorganic chromium into the organic chromium by utilizing a technique of the invention is more than 85 percent, and no hexavalent chromium is detected. The chromium-rich yeast culture produced in the invention has the characteristics of simple process, low production cost, good product quality and the like, has the double function of organic chromium and probiotic feed, and can be used for feed of livestock, poultry and aquatic products.

The invention relates to leucobacter chromiireducens and application thereof in reducing hexavalent chromium, and belongs to the technical field of environmental microorganisms. The provided leucobacter chromiireducens LYC-2 is separated from tannery wastewater and preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center in October 19th, 2018 with the preservation number of CGMCC NO.16823. The tolerance capability of the strain to the hexavalent chromium reaches 30 g / L, the processes of culturing the strain LYC-2 and reducing the hexavalent chromium can be performed under aerobiotic and normal-pressure conditions with a wide temperature range of 25-35 DEG C and a wide pH range of 7-11, and the high-toxicity hexavalent chromium can be effectively reduced to low-toxicity trivalent chromium. A culture method of the strain is simple, and the strain is quickly bred, has a short cycle and has import application prospects in the treatment of hexavalent chromium pollution.

Complex metal-containing matrices, and especially chromium-containing matrices are produced from a water soluble preparation that is derived from an item suitable for animal (and most typically human) consumption. In particularly contemplated aspects, the water soluble preparation is an extract or filtrate of disintegrated brewer's yeast, and the so prepared complex mixture is combined with a chromium-3+ ions.

The invention discloses a microbial leaching and chemical fixing joint repairing method for heavily polluted soil of a chromium slag yard. The method comprises the following steps: spraying soil or muck of a chromium slag yard with a composite bacteria liquid which is obtained by cultivating compound strains Pannonibacter phragmitetus BB and Achromobacter sp.Ch<-1>; restoring Cr(VI) in the obtained leacheate into Cr(III), forming sediments in an alkaline condition, precipitating and recycling chromium; and carrying out chemical fixing on the Cr(VI) which is not leached from the soil or muck through hydrazine hydrate. By virtue of the method, the soil and muck with three different Cr(VI) pollution levels are repaired; the total removal rates on chromium are respectively 11.4%, 30.2% and 14.0%; the removal rates on water-soluble Cr(VI) are respectively 99.6%, 99.5% and 98.3%; and the leaching toxicity concentration of the Cr(VI) in the soil or muck is lower than 0.5mg / L.

The invention discloses a method for cooperatively repairing chromium polluted soil by biochar-based zero valent iron and microorganism, and relates to methods for repairing soil environments. The method for cooperatively repairing the chromium polluted soil by the biochar-based zero valent iron and microorganism aims to solve the problem that agglomeration and oxidation are prone to occurring easily when the chromium polluted soil is repaired. The method for repairing the chromium polluted soil includes the steps that the biochar-based zero valent iron is prepared, specifically, biomass is added to a soluble iron salt solution for modification, the modified biomass is filtred and roasted to obtain a biochar-based zero valent iron remediation material; strain domestication is carried out,specifically, an organic matter and hydrogen are selected from the chromium polluted soil as electron donors, hexavalent chromium, trivalent iron, sulfate, nitrate and oxygen are selected from the chromium polluted soil as dominant bacteria of electron acceptors for metabolism activities to be subjected to domestication and expanding culture; and repairing is carried out, specifically, the biochar-based zero valent iron, the dominant bacteria and the chromium polluted soil to be repaired are mixed at room temperature for repair. According to the method for cooperatively repairing the chromiumpolluted soil by biochar-based zero valent iron and microorganism, the reduction rate of the hexavalent chromium can be greatly improved, the mobility and bioavailability of chromium are reduced, thesoil can further be improved and the microbial diversity can be increased.

The invention discloses a method for preparing benzaldehyde by catalytically oxidizing phenylcarbinol through Pt / BiOCl-metal oxide serving as a catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: by taking a noble metal Pt / BiOCl-metal oxide compound system as the catalyst, dispersing phenylcarbinol and the catalyst into water, and continuously stirring under a relatively low-temperature dark condition for 3 to 10 hours, wherein the generation selectivity of the benzaldehyde can be 99 percent or above, and the yield of the benzaldehyde is retained within a range of 80 to 100 percent according to different types of carriers. The method has the following active effects that 1, the reaction can be carried out at relatively low temperature, such as room temperature of 25 DEG C; 2, low-cost air is used as an oxidant, so that the problem of environmental pollution caused by the fact that a high-cost metal such as chromium and manganese is used as the oxidant is solved; 3, no alkaline substances serving as an auxiliary catalyst are added into a reaction system; 4, basically no side effect is caused in a reaction process, and the generation selectivity of the benzaldehyde is retained at 99 percent or above; 5, equipment devices for reaction and an operation process are simple.

The invention relates to a biomass wet detoxification method of hexavalent chromium-contained waste residues. The method comprises the following steps: (1) chromium residues are pulpified to slurry; (2) the pH of the slurry is adjusted to 7.0-10.0; (3) after the slurry is heated, the slurry is added in biomasses for stirring and pulpifying; and (4) the slurry is filtered to obtain the qualified chromium residues with standard content of hexavalent chromium. The chromium residues obtained by the treatment method accord with the leaching toxicity [Cr(VI)] not more than 3 mg / L stated by the chromium residue pollution environmental protection technical specifications (HJ / T301-2007), also accord with the leaching toxicity [Cr(VI)] not more than 2.5 mg / L stated by the hazardous waste landfill pollution control standards (GB18598-2001), and can be embedded as general industrial solid wastes. Raw materials used by the method are easily obtained biomasses with low cost, and are low in detoxification temperature and treatment cost; and the method is simple in flow, is suitable for industrial production, and has better industrial application foreground.

The invention provides a preparation method for multifunctional soil remediation microbial inoculum. The preparation method comprises the following steps: A. cultivating slope culture aspergillus niger strains J6 through a PDA (potato dextrose agar) culture medium until spores are mature, inoculating in a seed culture medium to obtain spore seed liquid after spore germination; and B. inoculating the spore seed liquid in a solid fermentation medium according to mass percent of 5-10%, conducting shallow pan cultivation for 4-7 days at the temperature of 25-35 DEG C, and turning over for 2-3 times to obtain the multifunctional soil remediation microbial inoculum. With the adoption of the multifunctional soil remediation microbial inoculum prepared by the method, organophosphorus pesticide in soil can be efficiently degraded, and heavy metal such as chromium and lead and the like in the soil can be efficiently adsorbed, so that the purpose of multiple remediation of the soil is achieved.

The invention discloses an efficient fertilizer contributing to reduction of accumulation of a chromium heavy metal pollutant in a vegetable. The fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight part: betaine, activated nanometer attapulgite, rice bran, powder or fermented substances of stem-type vegetables with strong fiber, cationic chitosan, germinated brown rice, microzyme, melatonin, an anion-modified macro-molecule chitosan heavy metal adsorbent, and a proper amount of mineralized micromolecule activated water. Melatonin and betaine treated with mineralized micromolecule activated water match activated nanometer attapulgite to prepare factors for self-cleaning of a chromium heavy metal. The factors easily enter the inside of cells, quickly participate into living movement of plants, promote plant bodies to absorb and utilize heavy-metal-chromium-type substance, and further promote living movement of the bodies, thereby reducing pollution. The fertilizer matching a nutrient solution treated through mineralized micromolecule activated water, and main materials can effectively convert heavy metals left in the vegetable, thereby having a function of self-cleaning of heavy metals.

The invention relates to a preparation method of beta-cyclodextrin / polyglutamic acid modified biochar and application of the biochar. An adsorbent adopts biochar as a matrix, and beta-cyclodextrin / polyglutamic acid is grafted on the matrix. The preparation method includes the specific steps that beta-cyclodextrin / polyglutamic acid is prepared and compounded firstly, then biomass dried in the sun and ground into powder is calcined at high temperature, and after the biochar is prepared, beta-cyclodextrin / polyglutamic acid is grafted on the surface of the biochar. The application includes the steps that the modified biochar is added to 50 mL of hexavalent chromium wastewater with the concentration of 20-800 mg / L, the use amount of the biochar is 10 mg, after a vibration adsorption reaction is conducted for a period of time at the pH value of 2-9 and the temperature of 20-50 DEG C, the adsorbent is collected through filtering separation, and hexavalent chromium ions in the wastewater is removed. The preparation method has the advantages that cost is low, the process is simple, adsorption performance is high, waste is effectively utilized and easy to separate, and environment friendliness is achieved.

A process and apparatus for sequestering carbon and converting it to fuel, such as methane, and / or materials, such as fermentation substrates, biopolymers, bioplastics, oils, pigments, biochar, metals, such as mercury, chromium and arsenic, fibers, proteins, vitamins, fertilizers and animal feed. The apparatus comprises a deep well carbon-sequestering bioreactor coaxially located within a deep well anaerobic bioreactor. Carbon is sequestered into a photosynthetic biomass or a heterotrophic biomass, which is subsequently digested by an anaerobic biomass containing methanogenic microbes, whereby methane is a digestion product. Alternatively, the biomass can be subjected to physical-chemical treatment to produce oil and other useful byproducts.