58 results about "Charge neutrality" patented technology

A cyanine compound represented by formula (I): wherein ring A and ring B each represent a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene ring; R1, R2, R3, and R4 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, or R1 and R2 are taken together, or R3 and R4 are taken together, to form a 3- to 6-membered ring, provided that at least one of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is a substituted benzyl group; Y1 and Y2 each represent an organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; Anm− represents an m-valent anion; m represents an integer 1 or 2; and p represents a coefficient for maintaining overall charge neutrality.

A catalyst for exhaust gas purification that excels in exhaust gas purification performance and thermal stability, realizing low cost and precious metal saving; and a relevant catalyst member. There is provided a catalyst for exhaust gas purification characterized by having substantially a perovskite crystal structure and being composed of a composite oxide of the formula (1) carrying at least one or two or more types of elements selected from among Pt, Pd and Rh, and further provided a catalyst member making use of the same. A[alpha]B[1-x]B'[x]O[3-delta] (1) wherein A is substantially an element, or a combination of two elements, selected from among Ba and Sr; B is substantially an element, or a combination of two elements, selected from among Fe and Co; B' is substantially an element, or a combination of two elements, selected from among Nb, Ta and Ti; alpha is 0.95 to 1.05; x is 0.05 to 0.3; and delta is a value determined so as to satisfy the condition of charge neutrality.

The invention relates to a control method for disinfection by-product based on matching of precursor form of disinfection by-product and flocculating agent form, belonging to drinking water processing technical field. The inventive method comprises following steps: selecting corresponding flocculating agent form having superior removing capability aiming at raw water with superior form distribution rule of different disinfection by-product precursors, using a matching relation of the flocculating agent original position form and the disinfection by-product superior form to greatly increase removing efficiency of the disinfection by-product precursors in a coagulation process under actions of compression of double electrode layers, charge neutrality, adsorption and surface complexation. The inventive method has advantages of high efficiency, economic and practicable performance and easy application in engineering, effectively strengthens generation of flocculating agent original position form in the coagulation process and significantly reduces generation of disinfection by-product in the chlorination process.The invention is mainly used for purifying drinking water from a polluted surface water source in a drinking water factory and is also used for secondary effluent advanced treatment in a sewage plant for reusing reclaimed water.

Membranes comprising graphene oxide sheets and associated filter media and methods are provided. In some embodiments, a membrane may comprise graphene oxide sheets that have undergone one or more chemical treatments. The chemical treatment(s) may impart beneficial properties to the membrane, such as a relatively small d-spacing, compatibility with a broad range of environments, physical stability,and charge neutrality. For example, the graphene oxide sheets may undergo one or more chemical treatments that form chemical linkages between at least a portion of the graphene oxide sheets in the membrane. Such chemical linkages may impart a small d-spacing, broad compatibility, and / or allow relatively thick membranes to be formed. In certain embodiments, the graphene oxide sheets may undergo one or more chemical treatment that imparts relative charge neutrality to the membrane by altering the ionizability of certain functional groups. Graphene oxide membranes, described herein, can be usedfor a wide range applications.

A contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging comprising a complex of a paramagnetic cation, preferably Gd+3, Dy+3, and Fe+3 with three equivalents of a charge neutralizing chelator that provides a lipid soluble complex of the paramagnetic cation is described. The complex is retained intracellularly when introduced into a mammalian cell. A method of providing an image of an internal pathology of a patient by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by administering the MRI contrast agent or tagged cells to the patient and scanning the patient using magnetic resonance imaging to obtain visible images of the internal pathology of the patient is also set forth.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a decyanation agent and usage thereof. The decyanation agent with an inorganic-organic composite macromolecular structure is prepared by a copolymerization method through an inorganic polymer and an organic macromolecular polymer. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding the decyanation agent in waste water, and simultaneously doping an inorganic metal salt liable to capture dissociative cyanogen to efficiently remove the low-concentration cyanide, and finally, controlling the cyanide below the national integrated wastewater discharge standard to efficiently remove the cyanide by means of such functions as complexation, flocculation, bridging and charge neutrality. Compared with the prior art, the decyanation agent provided by the invention not only has the advantages of effectively removing the low-concentration cyanide and high decyanation efficiency, but also having a simple medicine preparation method, low medicine feed dosage, low cost, no additional equipment, simple process operation and extensive usage, so that the decyanation agent is suitable for low-concentration cyanogen-containing waste water and water bodies polluted by the cyanide.

The invention relates to a deep sludge dewatering method and a cement kiln comprehensive utilization method using the same. Ferric trichloride is added and serve as an inorganic ferric salt coagulant, the uniformly stirred sludge mixed liquor is conveyed by a screw pump to a high pressure membrane plate-and-frame filter press for filter pressing, polyacrylamide is added to serve as an organic polymer flocculant while the sludge is fed, a sludge cake with the moisture content of 50-61.33% is finally obtained, and the sludge cake is subjected to dried with waste heat and is comprehensively utilized for a cement kiln after dewatered. The adsorption charge neutrality and the adsorption bridging action of cationic polyacrylamide are used to flocculate the sludge particles, meanwhile, as the selected polyacrylamide has a special branch chain cross-linked structure, the formed floc is small and pressuerproof, and is good for improving the dewatering degree of the sludge. Compared with the tradition, the dosage is reduced greatly, the yield of the cake and the introduction of a harmful element Cl are reduced, the equipment processing efficiency is increased, the heat value of the sludge is kept to the greatest extent, the treatment of the waste gas in a kiln head is taken into comprehensive consideration with a cement kiln system, the capital investment is saved, and the operation cost is lowered.

Disclosed are: an exhaust gas purification catalyst which is an inexpensive three-way catalyst, which contains a reduced amount of an expensive noble metal, particularly does not use Pt, and contains no expensive rare earth element, and which has the same level of catalytic activity as that of a conventional one; and a catalytic honey-comb structure for exhaust gas purification. Specifically disclosed are: an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising (A) an oxide M(Co1-yFey)O3-delta [wherein M represents a combination of an element substantially selected from Ba and Sr; y represents a number of 0 to 1; and delta drepresents a value that is so defined as to satisfy the charge neutrality condition] carrying one or two noble metals selected from Pd and Rh and (B) active alumina carrying one or two noble metal selected from Pd and Rh; and a catalytic honey-comb structure for exhaust gas purification, which is produced by wash-coating the exhaust gas purification catalyst onto a ceramic- or metal-made honey-comb.

A composition of matter comprising anionic clay having the general formula [M2+1-xM3+x(OH)2]x+(x / n)An−.yH2O  (I) or [M1+M3+2(OH)6]1+(1 / n)An−.yH2O;  (II) where M1+ is a mono-valent metal; M2+ is a divalent metal; and M3+ is a trivalent metal; A is an inorganic or organic anion, chosen such that the rule of charge neutrality is obeyed; n is an integer; x is any rational number between 0 and 1; and y is any rational number between 0 and 10; where the anionic clay is in the form of particles having a volume weighted mean particle size diameter of less than 500 nm. Stable colloidal dispersions comprise such anionic clay particles having a volume weighted mean particle size diameter of less than 500 nm dispersed in a liquid medium. Method for preparing such stable colloidal dispersion of anionic clay particles comprises simultaneously bringing together salt solutions of M2+ and M3+ metals, or of M1+ and M3+ metals, and a base in a high shear mixing zone within a liquid dispersion medium in a particle precipitation vessel, and precipitating anionic clay particles having a volume weighted mean particle size diameter of less than 500 nm.

Materials are presented of the formula:AxMyMiziO2−d,where A is sodium or a mixed alkali metal including sodium as a major constituent;x>0.5;M is a transition metal;y>0;Mi, for i=1, 2, 3 . . . n, is a metal or germanium;z1>0zi≧0 for each i=2, 3 . . . n;0<d≦0.5;the values of x, y, zi and d are such as to maintain charge neutrality; and the values of y, zi and d are such that y+Σzi>½(2−d). The formula includes compounds that are oxygen deficient. Further the oxidation states may or may not be integers i.e. they may be whole numbers or fractions or a combination of whole numbers and fractions and may be averaged over different crystallographic sites in the material. Such materials are useful, for example, as electrode materials in rechargeable battery applications.

The invention discloses a complex coagulant for advanced treatment of biochemical tail water, and its preparation method and application. The complex coagulant is characterized in that the complex coagulant is an inorganic polymer complex coagulant prepared form industrial waste or nonmetallic mineral materials as main materials under heating conditions through the processes of alkaline hydrolysis, acid leaching oxidation, hydrolyzation and polymerization; and the complex coagulant prepared by the preparation method contains 20 to 35% of silicon, 15 to 25% of aluminum, 6 to 11% of iron and 3 to 6% of boron. Compared with the prior arts, the preparation method has the advantages of easy acquirement of raw materials, simple process, and good economical efficiency and applicability. The inorganic polymer complex coagulant prepared by the preparation method has the advantages of good performances of adsorption and bridging, charge neutrality, bonding and gathering, and decoloration, big flocs, fast sedimentation velocity of flocs, and low use amount. The complex coagulant can be widely utilized for the field of wastewater treatment, and is especially suitable for advanced treatment ofbiochemical tail water.

Solid electrolytes, anodes and cathodes for SOFC. Doped BaCeO3 useful for solid electrolytes and anodes in SOFCs exhibiting chemical stability in the presence of CO2, water vapor or both and exhibiting proton conductivity sufficiently high for practical application. Proton-conducting metal oxides of formula Ba1−xSrxCe1−y1−y2−y3Zry1Gdy2Yy3O3−δ where x, y1, y2, and y3 are numbers as follows: x is 0.4 to 0.6; y1 is 0.1-0.5; y2 is 0.05 to 0.15, y3 is 0.05 to 0.15, and cathode materials of formula II GdPrBaCo2−zFezO5+δ where z is a number from 0 to 1, and δ is a number that varies such that the metal oxide compositions are charge neutral. Anodes, cathodes and solid electrolyte containing such materials. SOFC containing anodes, cathodes and solid electrolyte containing such materials.

A negative thermal expansion material having a negative thermal expansion coefficient according to the present invention is represented by Zr2-aMaSxP2O12+δ, where M is at least one selected from Ti, Ce, Sn, Mn, Hf, Ir, Pb, Pd, and Cr; a is 0≤a<2; x is 0.4≤x≤1; and δ is a value defined as to satisfy a charge neutral condition. The present invention makes it possible to provide a negative thermal expansion material, a composite material and a method for producing a negative thermal expansion material that can realize reduction in cost and density reduction.