The invention discloses a SoE online estimation method for a variable-working-condition vehicle power battery, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, building a compensation coefficient function of actual available energy, and building an OCV-SoE curve; S2, obtaining a state equation and an observation equation; S3, constructing a difference equation suitable for a recursive least square algorithm with a forgetting factor, identifying system parameters in real time, and obtaining the system parameters; S4, estimating the SoE state value of the vehicle power battery by using the system parameters obtained in the step S3 and combining an H infinity algorithm. According to the method, the recursive least square method with the forgetting factor is combined with the H infinity algorithm to identify and estimate the SoE, the forgetting factor can effectively reduce the influence of error accumulation, and the H infinity algorithm has no fixed hypothesis requirement on noise, so that the estimation is more in line with the requirements of actual working conditions, the estimation precision is higher, and the algorithm complexity is not high.