The invention discloses an indoor visible positioning method and system based on camera shooting frame analysis. The system comprises a plurality of LED light sources, wherein the LED light sources are used for emitting modulated visible light with ultra-long sequence information; and an indoor positioning device which is used for taking a series of images corresponding to the visible light emitted by the LED light sources, obtaining and recognizing the bright and dark stripes in the images, eliminating the background light of the image, demodulating the binary information in each image, jointing the information demodulated from each image to form a needed ultra-long sequence, obtaining the identity information of the light sources, searching the position information, corresponding to the identity information, in an indoor map, and obtaining the current position. The system can carry out the high-speed and large-capacity modulation, coding and image processing, can eliminate the background light in photographing, and can improve the image processing precision.