The invention discloses a composite microcapsule heat-insulating mortar in the technical field of building materials and a preparation method thereof. The heat-insulating mortar includes microcapsules and self-healing building materials, and the raw materials of the self-healing building materials include calcium sulfoaluminate, calcium sulfoaluminate, Potassium aluminum sulfate, ammonium aluminum sulfate, curing accelerator, polypropylene fiber, rubber powder, inorganic gel, hydroxypropyl, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, silica powder, sepiolite, brucite, vitrified microspheres and more In this method, the microcapsule phase change temperature control energy storage material is firstly prepared, and then the microcapsule phase change temperature control energy storage material is added to the self-healing building material in turn, and continuously stirred, and the composite microstructure is obtained after drying. Capsule insulation mortar finished product. The invention has remarkable heat insulation and energy-saving effects when applied to iron sheet tile surfaces, floors, and inner and outer walls, and simultaneously has the function of crack self-healing, and can effectively control the early plastic shrinkage, dry shrinkage and non-structural properties of the heat-preservation mortar.