The invention discloses a data operation method of a 3D storage device. The 3D memory device has a plurality of memory cell strings arranged in a direction perpendicular to a substrate, each memory cell string including a first select transistor, a first dummy memory cell, a plurality of main memory cells, a second dummy memory cell, and a second select transistor, including: receiving an erase instruction; executing an erase operation on the first pseudo storage unit, the plurality of main storage units and the second pseudo storage unit according to the erase instruction; verifying whether the plurality of main storage units are erased successfully or not after the erase operation is finished; when the plurality of main storage units are erased successfully, receiving a programming instruction; and executing programming operation on the first pseudo storage unit and the second pseudo storage unit according to the programming instruction. The pseudo storage unit and the storage unit are erased at the same time, and then the pseudo storage unit is programmed, so that the erasure efficiency of the edge storage unit is improved, the erasure frequency is reduced, and the reliability of the storage unit is improved.