The invention discloses an elastic sieve pipe and a sand prevention pipe column. The elastic sieve pipe comprises a central slotted sieve pipe, a pressure transmitting piece, a supporting cylinder sleeve, a reset mechanism, and an outer-layer slotted sieve pipe; the outer side of the upper end of the central slotted sieve pipe is fixed to the lower end of an upper joint through a central sieve pipe coupling, a control pin and an upper cylinder body, and the lower end of the central slotted sieve pipe is fixedly connected with the upper end of a lower joint; the pressure transmitting piece is arranged outside the central slotted sieve pipe in a sleeving mode, and an upper expansion mechanism and a lower expansion mechanism are arranged at the two ends of the pressure transmitting piece correspondingly; the supporting cylinder sleeve and the reset mechanism are arranged between the lower expansion mechanism and the lower joint; the two ends of the outer-layer slotted sieve pipe are positioned through sieve pipe protecting sleeves, and the middle of the outer-layer slotted sieve pipe is matched with the upper expansion mechanism and the lower expansion mechanism; and when the pipe column is tripped, the control pin is sheared off, the gravity of the pipe column is transmitted to the upper expansion mechanism and the lower expansion mechanism, and thus the elastic sieve pipe is set. According to the elastic sieve pipe and the sand prevention pipe column, it can be ensured that set sand is basically avoided in a wellbore, the good sand prevention effect is achieved, the pump inspection cycle is effectively prolonged, meanwhile, during using, tripping and salvaging operation is easy and convenient, safety and reliability are achieved, and the cost is low.