The invention aims to provide an ultrafine particle separation system under a coupling mechanism. A turbulence coalescer of a pure mechanical structure and cyclone separation equipment are directly and sequentially installed together, efficient separation of ultrafine particles is achieved by means of a coupling mechanism, the ultrafine particle separation effect is good, and the system is simplein structure, safe and reliable in equipment, wide in application range, and suitable for various ultrafine particle separation processes. The system comprises a cyclone separator, the turbulence coalescer is arranged at an inlet of the cyclone separator, the turbulence coalescer comprises a shell, the shell comprises an inlet and an outlet, the outlet of the shell is connected with the inlet of the cyclone separator, the cross section of the shell is rectangular, a turbulence column device is arranged in the shell, and a plurality of guide vanes are further arranged in the upstream directionof the turbulence column device.