The invention discloses a movable water quality automatic emergent monitoring system which comprises a moving carrier, an automatic water fetching and sample reserving module, a water sample pretreatment module, a multi-parameter automatic detection module, a monitoring module, a display screen, a keyboard and a remote transmission module, wherein the automatic water fetching and sample reserving module, the water sample pretreatment module, the multi-parameter automatic detection module, the monitoring module, the display screen, the keyboard and the remote transmission module are arranged on the moving carrier; the output end of the automatic water fetching and sample reserving module is connected with the input end of the water sample pretreatment module; the output end of the water sample pretreatment module is connected with the input end of the multi-parameter automatic detection module; and the output end of the multi-parameter automatic detection module is connected with the monitoring module which is connected with the display screen, the keyboard and the remote transmission module. The movable water quality automatic emergent monitoring system can simultaneously monitor a plurality of parameters, can achieve the functions of sampling, sample retention, analysis, data upload, automatic alarm and the like and can meet the requirement of emergent water body pollution accidents on the water quality monitoring.