The invention discloses a human body forearm surface electromyogram signal acquisition and pattern recognition system comprising an acquisition circuit, a PCI (programmable communication interface) data acquisition card and a signal processing and motion recognition unit, wherein the acquisition circuit is used for acquiring, filtering and amplifying a human body forearm surface electromyogram signal, the PCI data acquisition card is used for carrying out AD (analog-to-digital) sampling conversion on an acquired analog electromyogram signal to obtain a digital electromyogram signal, and the signal processing and motion recognition unit is used for processing electromyogram signals acquired from four muscles, namely brachioradial muscle, extensor carpi radialis longus, musculus extensor carpi ulnaris and musculus flexor carpi radialis of the forearm of the right hand of the human body, extracting the characteristics of the electromyogram signals and recognizing six motions, namely making a fist by a wrist of the human body, stretching out the hands, turning the hands down, turning the hands up, turning the hands inward and turning the hands outward by combining a support vector machine. According to the invention, a surface electromyogram (SEMG) online mode pattern recognition study platform with low cost, good instantaneity and high recognition rate is realized.