The invention discloses a slope protection pile pouring and cable bolting construction method for a deep foundation pit. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, making preparations before construction; 2, pouring a slope protection pile, namely measuring, paying off, molding and constructing the poured slope protection pile, punching holes on the poured slope protection pile, binding and hoisting a steel reinforcement cage for molding the slope protection pile, pouring concrete into the poured slope protection pile and constructing a crown beam at the top end of the pile; and 3, excavating a foundation in a layered form and constructing anchor ropes on different rows, namely excavating a first-layer foundation, arranging a first row of anchor ropes, arranging a steel waist rail, arranging anchor heads of the anchor ropes, tensioning the anchor ropes and finishing excavating processes of different layers of foundations and arranging different rows of anchor ropes. The method has a reasonable design, simple construction steps, low investment cost, large support depth and good using effect, and solves the problems of complicated construction steps, high construction cost, inconvenience in control, easy damage to surrounding pipelines, roads, buildings and the like, large construction space and the like existing in the conventional double-row pile supporting method can be solved.