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A process for preparing amino-functional organopolysiloxanes comprising(i) mixing aminosilanes of the general formulaRaQbSi(OR1)4−(a+b),where R and R1 are hydrogen or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl,a is 0, 1 or 2, b is 1, 2 or 3, and a+b is ≦3,Q is —R5—[NR6(CH2)n]eN(R6)2,where R5 is a hydrocarbyl diradical and R6 is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, or acyl,e is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6,with organosilicon compounds selected from siloxanes comprising unitsRd⁡(O⁢R1)f⁢SiO4-(d+f)2⁢⁢and⁢⁢Rc⁢SiO4-c2or silanes RcSi(OR1)4−c,where c is 0, 1, 2 or 3, d is 0, 1 or 2, f is 1, 2 or 3,with the proviso that d+f is ≦3,basic catalysts selected from alkali metal hydroxides, alcoholates and siloxanolates,and optionally, alcohols H—[O(CHR2)p]mOR3,where R2 and R3 are hydrogen or hydrocarbyl,p is 2, 3 or 4, and m is 0 or an integer from 1 to 100,(ii) reacting by heating to 70–100° C., and(iii) subsequently, neutralizing the basic catalysts by addition of neutralizing agents which form salts which are soluble in the amino-functional organopolysiloxanes thus obtained.

An aberration correction element is disposed between first to third laser light sources and an objective lens, first and second laser lights emitted from the first and second laser light sources are incident upon the aberration correction element in the form of parallel lights, and a third laser light emitted from the third laser light source is incident upon the aberration correction element in the form of a divergent light.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, including the steps of carrying out an esterification reaction between a free fatty acid contained in a fat or oil and an alcohol; carrying out a transesterification reaction between a fat or oil and an alcohol; and refining an alkyl ester of a fatty acid, wherein at least any one of three steps is carried out in a corresponding step selected from the steps of (a) contacting a fat or oil and an alcohol with a resin foamed article to which a catalyst containing fine strongly acidic particles is supported or a resin foamed article modified to be strongly acidic, and carrying out an esterification reaction between a free fatty acid in the fat or oil and the alcohol; (b) contacting a fat or oil and an alcohol with a resin foamed article to which a catalyst containing fine alkali particles is supported, and carrying out a transesterification reaction between the fat or oil and the alcohol; and (c) contacting a reaction mixture obtained by the transesterification reaction with a resin foamed article to remove impurities via adsorption, and refining an alkyl ester of a fatty acid.