The invention discloses a triphenylamine polypyridine salt based photosensitizer and a preparation method and an application of the triphenylamine polypyridine salt based photosensitizer, and belongsto the technical field of biomedical engineering. The preparation method comprises enabling triphenylamine monoaldehyde diiodine and 4-pyridineboronic acid to have a coupling reaction, generating triphenylamine monoaldehyde bipyridine, then enabling the triphenylamine monoaldehyde bipyridine and an electron withdrawing group to have a condensation reaction, enabling an obtained product to have a salt forming reaction with iodomethane, and obtaining the photosensitizer. The photosensitizer has the electron withdrawing group, the singlet oxygen is produced efficiently under the illumination condition, the purpose of rapidly efficiently killing a tumor cell is fulfilled; the photosensitizer not only efficiently kills the tumor cell and inhibits the growth of the tumor, but also monitors the death of the tumor cell and a tumor tissue in real time, and therefore, a photosensitizer medicine can be used to judge the effect of the photosensitizer on the tumor cell. The preparation method of the photosensitizer is simple, and the cost is low.