The invention discloses a finger vein and fingerprint hybrid identity authentication device and method. In a same structure, two independent groups of infrared spot lights are utilized to extract vein information and fingerprint information of a finger respectively, the structure is simple, and the operation is convenient; the complementation of the two types of biological identification modes of finger vein and fingerprint is realized, so that the authentication accuracy is higher, and scope of application is wider; due to the arrangement of an isolation board and two rows of infrared spot light groups, light irradiated to a verifying finger can be adequate and irradiated accurately; moreover, image interference to vein information and fingerprint images is reduced, so that the acquisition accuracy and success rate are improved, and a guarantee is provided for follow-up certification; comparison authentication is carried out in an intelligent terminal, so that equipment does not need to store feature information or perform comparison authentication, the function is simpler, and the component is smaller; and due to the adoption of low-energy design, the finger vein and fingerprint hybrid identity authentication device is connected with other intelligent equipment via a USB for information exchange, and is powered by the USB directly, so that no external power supply is needed.