The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating the recurrent aphthae, which is prepared by the repeated verification of years' clinical tests and conforms to the theory of the traditional Chinese medicine. The formula of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating the recurrent aphthae is compatible with medicines for oral administration and medicines for external use, wherein the medicines for oral administration comprise coptis, symplocos sumuntia, wheat bran, radix notoginseng, siraitia grosvenorii, lophatherum gracile, caulis clematidis armandii, fresh rehmannia, liquorice, rush, chufa, lotus plumule, indigo naturalis, ossa draconis, nutgall, gypsum, fructus ligustri lucidi, chicken's gizzard-membrane, folium isatidis and calculus bovis factitius; the medicines for external use comprise radix notoginseng, lophatherum gracile, catecholamine, roseleaf, ophioglossum vulgatum, dry lotus, rush, common andrographis herb, wartwort, gypsum, indigo naturalis, miniumite, symplocos sumuntia, clove oil and peppermint oil; and the required components are separated by dipping, smashing, extracting and the like; and the required components are compounded to obtain medicaments, tablets, capsules, solutions and the like. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating the recurrent aphthae has the efficacy on blending and supplementing from the formula and treating both principal and secondary aspects of disease, and is assisted in special anti-inflammation compatibility of medicines so as to cure the recurrent aphthae patients.