The invention relates to a square steel core filling inner sleeve and opposing screw bolt splicing joint and a construction method of the splicing joint. The joint comprises an upper section square steel pipe, a lower section square steel pipe, a core filling inner sleeve and opposing screw bolts, wherein the core filling inner sleeve and the opposing screw bolts are connected between the upper section square steel pipe and the lower section square steel pipe, the core filling inner sleeve is in a rectangular cylinder shape, concrete is filled inside a tube body, the upper half part of the core filling inner sleeve penetrates through a longitudinal supper section screw bolt and a transverse upper section screw bolt in mutual staggered arranged at top and bottom, and the number of the opposing screw bolts is identical to the number of screw bolt holes arranged on the core filling inner sleeve. The joint rigidity is high, the operation is simple and convenient, the construction speed is high, and compared with the traditional lug plate and flange connection, the joint and the construction method have the advantages that the projected size is greatly reduced, and the design and the installation of adjacent components are convenient. The concrete is also filled in the inner sleeve, the huge pressure transferred by the steel pipe wall can be born, and the inner wall deformation caused by screw cap and screw bolt extrusion is prevented.