55 results about "Soil functions" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for remediating soil contaminated by heavy metals such as cadmium by combining in-situ leaching, deep-layer fixing and phyto-extracting. According to the method, the heavy metals are leached into a deep layer along with a leaching solution through the in-situ leaching in a surface layer and are fixed in the deep layer, then willow with the heavy metal accumulation function is planted after organic fertilizer is applied, and therefore the residual heavy metals can be further removed, and the soil function can be restored; the heavy metals in a plough layer are leached to the deep layer, the absorption of crops to the heavy metals is reduced, the heavy metals which are leached to the deep layer are fixed, underground water is not polluted, and therefore the residual heavy metals can be further removed through phytoremediation, and the soil function can be restored; an iron-containing compound used in the method does not destroy the soil structure and can serve as a rice field soil conditioner; and compared with the phytoremediation, the method has the advantage that the remediation efficiency can be improved, and compared with leaching remediation, the method has the advantage that the steps of excavating, stirring, separating and the like can be omitted. The invention provides the remediation method. The remediation method has the advantages of being short in time, low in cost and high in efficiency and having a wide application prospect in the field of remediation of a large-scale farmland contaminated by the heavy metals.

The invention provides a method suitable for preparing environment-friendly, low-consumption and high-efficiency carbon-based organic fertilizer from waste biomass as a raw material in combination with the current situations that the soil fertility in our country is reduced, the soil function is severely deteriorated, the amount of agricultural and forestry waste biomass (such as straw, livestockand poultry excrement and the like) is huge and pollution is serious. The method comprises the following steps: 1) the waste biomass is converted into hydrothermal carbon under specific hydrothermal conditions; 2) the hydrothermal carbon is reasonably compatible and fully mixed with organic fertilizer. The carbon-based organic fertilizer prepared from the waste biomass can effectively improve soiland increase crop yield, not only can improve the efficiency of the organic fertilizer, but also realizes high-efficiency recycling of the waste biomass. The carbon-based organic fertilizer preparedwith the method has the characteristics of being green, environmentally friendly, cheap and the like.

The invention relates to a cadmium passivating agent with an improved soil function and a production method thereof. The production method comprises the following steps: pre-processing crop straw, preparing a fulvic acid mixture, mixing, drying and the like. According to the cadmium passivating agent disclosed by the invention, the effectiveness of cadmium in soil can be greatly reduced, and the absorption amount of the crop on the cadmium is reduced; moreover, the physical and chemical properties of soil and the soil fertility are improved at the same time, and the cadmium passivating agent has generality. The cadmium passivating agent disclosed by the invention has an important application and popularization value in a high-risk area of out-of-standard cadmium content of soil and a cadmium middle-pollution and mild-pollution area, and has very remarkable social, ecological and economic benefits.

The invention relates to a biological bacterium trace fertilizer having a soil-loosening function and a manufacturing method thereof. The biological bacterium trace fertilizer is manufactured by technically proportioning the following raw materials: 30-40% of fulvic acid, 20-30% of amino acid, 20-30% of plant activating enzyme, 2-5% of EM (Effective Microorganism) strain and 5-10% of heteroauxin. The activated biological bacterium trace fertilizer overcomes the defects of the existing fertilizer, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduces the consumption of the fertilizer, lowers the cost, has an obvious yield increase effect, reduces the environmental pollution, activates the soil, enhances the organic fertilizer absorption and utilization of crops and improves the quality of the crops, thereby achieving the purposes of yield increase, efficiency increase, environmental protection and cost lowering.

The invention discloses a soil sampler with a soil loosening function and for environmental monitoring. The soil sampler comprises a fixed mount, a soil-breaking disk and a telescoping rod. A protective box is fixed at the top of the fixed mount, and a storage battery and a hydraulic cylinder are arranged inside the protective box. The storage battery and the hydraulic cylinder are in wire connection through a shift knob, and the storage battery is provided with a charging interface. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to a soil sampling barrel through a piston rod. A locating lever is weldedon the top of the soil sampling barrel. A sliding rod penetrates through the locating lever. The soil-breaking disk is connected to a threaded rod. The top of the telescoping rod is fixed on the fixedmount. As the soil sampler with the soil loosening function and for environmental monitoring is provided with the soil-breaking disk, when the soil sampling barrel moves downwards for soil sampling,the soil-breaking disk will be driven to continuously rotate, the rotating soil-breaking disk can break the surface layer of hardened soil through soil-breaking teeth and loosen soil, and then the soil sampling barrel can be conveniently inserted deep into soil for soil sampling.

A quantum carrier for improvement of soil functions and method of preparation thereof, the method of preparation includes crushing the oyster shell before subjecting to a first high temperature sintering at the temperature of between 800 and 1300° C. for between 1.5 and 2.5 hour, followed by mixing with diatomaceous earth, soil and water to form a liquid oyster shell liquid for liquid sintering at a temperature of between 800 and 1300° C. for between 7 and 9 hours, to give a dimpled or honeycomb-like particle with rough surface, the quantum carrier; the quantum carrier obtained by said method has the function of soil improvement, soil improvement includes self-purification of the soil, degradation of the heavy metals and toxin residues in the contaminated soil, water content increase, oxygen content increase, protein content increase, pH adjustment, pest elimination and promotion of microbial growth.

The invention discloses a soil function restoration method for a degenerated hardened grassland. The method comprises the steps of banning, wherein enclosing and banning grazing are carried out on a degenerated grassland area; hardened soil loosening, wherein a grassland hardened soil loosening machine is utilized to loosen a hardened characteristic area of the degenerated grassland; activating, wherein a soil activator is used for spraying and activating the degenerated grassland; seeding, wherein seeds of drought-enduring plants and pastures are sown; reseeding, wherein drought-enduring plants and pastures are reseeded depending on the circumstances; and rehabilitation, wherein timely grazing stimulates rehabilitation of plants after growth. The soil function restoration method for the degenerated hardened grassland has the advantages that physicochemical, chemical and biological means are combined, so that the soil function restoration is completed gradually and sustainably, the method has very high practical value and contributes to the management of the degenerated hardened grassland in China.

The invention discloses anti-corrosive cutting fluid. The anti-corrosive cutting fluid comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 0.1-0.2 part of phosphotungstic acid, 0.7-1 part of tetramethylammonium nitrate, 1-2 parts of naphthenic soap, 2-3 parts of toluene diisocynate, 1-2 parts of sodium benzoate, 0.6-1 part of methyl isobutyl ketone, 0.1-0.2 part of zinc cyanurate, 3-5 parts of barium petroleum sulfonate, 0.6-1 part of 8-hydroxyquinoline, 0.8-2 parts of calcium lactate, 0.7-2 parts of isopropyl palmitate, 0.5-1 part of phytosterol, 0.8-1 part of methyl tin mercaptide, 70-80 parts of deionized water, 2-3 parts of polyaniline and 6-7 parts of rare-soil function additives. The anti-corrosive cutting fluid disclosed by the invention has the advantages that in the added rare-soil function additives, alkenyl succinate, wool fat and polyethylene glycol 4000 are blended and modified, so that the stable anti-rusting effect can be achieved; due to the added nano silicon dioxide, certain lubricity can be achieved, the cutting force, the friction and the power consumption can be reduced; lanthanum sulfate not only has certain anti-corrosive property, but also can improve the anti-corrosive and slow-release effects; and the additives have good oleophilic and hydrophilic properties and high emulsifying and dispersing performances, and the anti-corrosive property, the lubricity, the anti-rusting property and the stability of finished cutting fluid can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses a composite fertilizer for adjusting soil functions and a preparation method thereof. The composite fertilizer comprises a composite fertilizer particle core layer, an isolation middle layer and a microorganism organic film coating layer, wherein the isolation middle layer is coated to the surface of the composite fertilizer particle core layer; the microorganism organic film coating layer is coated to the surface of the isolation middle layer. The composite fertilizer is characterized in that the weight ratio of the composite fertilizer particle core layer to the microorganism organic film coating layer is (20 to 300):1; the microorganism organic film coating layer comprises organic matter mixture and enzyme bacteria according to a weight ratio of 0.2 to 10. The composite fertilizer has the advantages that more than thirty types of beneficial microorganism composite bacterial colony are contained, the activity of microorganism is strong, the mycorrhiza is formed, the absorbing area of root system is increased, the nutrients are promoted to be absorbed and utilized, the fertility is improved, the formation of humic acid is promoted, the acid and alkaline value of soil is adjusted, and the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved.

The invention relates to an electric pole with a rooting-into-soil function. The electric pole comprises a steel skeleton and external concrete thereof. An inflation pipeline is arranged in the lowerend of the electric pole, a group of air outlet holes distributed in the outer circumferential surface of the electric pole is formed in the output end of the inflation pipeline, and air inlet holes located above the ground plane is formed in the input end of the inflation pipeline. The lower end of the electric pole is sleeved with a rubber sleeve from bottom to top, a group of airbags corresponding to the air outlet holes is arranged on the outer circumference of the rubber sleeve, and the airbags include main airbag bodies and branch airbag bodies on the outer circumferences of the main airbag bodies. According to the electric pole with the rooting-into-soil function, a root shape is formed by inflation of the airbags, and the airbags are deflated after being embedded, so that the airbags have a downward pulling force on the electric pole; and therefore the electric pole has the ability to be rooted in the soil, the grasping force of the electric pole in the soil is greatly improved, and the safety and stability are significantly improved.

The invention relates to slow-release compound fertilizer with drought resisting, water retention and soil improvement functions and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field ofcontrolled-release fertilizer. The slow-release compound fertilizer provided by the invention is prepared by taking urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium fertilizer, a medium and trace element mixture, a filling material, a urease inhibitor, celestine powder, weathered coal, epoxy resin, corn starch, a water retention agent and a compound microorganism bacterium agent as raw materials through arotary drum steam granulation technology. The water retention agent is used as a carrier of fertilizer nutrients and organic and inorganic harmful substances are not remained; moisture evaporation iseffectively inhibited and water and soil loss is prevented; meanwhile, the fertilizer nutrients can be adsorbed and combined and release of the fertilizer nutrients is delayed, so that the loss of thefertilizer nutrients of soil is reduced. The added celestine powder contains rich strontium element, has a promotion effect on the growth of crops and also has a killing effect on harmful bacteria inthe soil; the celestine powder is mutually matched with the compound microorganism bacterium agent, so that the disease-resisting capability of the soil is effectively improved and a soil structure is adjusted.

The invention discloses cutting fluid for a machine tool. The cutting fluid comprises the following materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1 part of alkylated diphenylamine, 2-3 parts of tetrabutyl titanate, 0.6-1 parts of potassium fluotitanate, 3-5 parts of allyl polyethylene glycol, 0.8-1 part of barium stearate, 1-2 parts of methyl pentachlorostearate, 0.3-1 part of 2-bromo-4-methylphenol, 1-2 parts of dioctyl azelate, 1-3 parts of sodium hydrogen sulfite, 0.4-1 part of molybdenum disulfide, 2-3 parts of potassium citrate, 70-80 parts of deionized water, 6-7 parts of rare-soil functional additive and 6-8 parts of boric acid. The cutting fluid disclosed by the invention has the advantages that in the added rare-soil function additives, alkenyl succinate, wool fat and polyethylene glycol 4000 are blended and modified, so that the stable anti-rusting effect can be achieved; due to the added nano silicon dioxide, certain lubricity can be achieved, and the cutting force, the friction and the power consumption can be reduced; lanthanum sulfate not only has certain anti-corrosive property, but also can improve the anti-corrosive and slow-release effects; and the additives have good oleophilic and hydrophilic properties and high emulsifying and dispersing performances, and the anti-corrosive property, the lubricity, the anti-rusting property and the stability of finished cutting fluid can be effectively improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of polluted soil renewal and relates to a method for thermal desorption treatment of organic polluted soil. The method includes steps: subjecting thermal desorption exhaust gas at a temperature of 120-700 DEG C and the organic polluted soil to countercurrent contact reaction for 5-30min to obtain organic-pollutant-containing desorption exhaust gas and thermal desorption soil; drying biomass until the moisture content is smaller than or equal to 12%, and crushing to a length smaller than or equal to 20cm to obtain biomass sections; well mixing the thermal desorption soil with the biomass sections to obtain a mixture A, subjecting biomass in the mixture A to low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization reaction at a temperature of 250-450 DEG C, and heating the soil to obtain organic-carbon-containing remediated soil and pyrolysis gas of low-temperature pyrolysis carbonization. The soil subjected to thermal desorption and the biomass are mixed forpyrolysis carbonization, the organic content is substantially increased, soil functions are recovered, and the problem of soil function loss caused by burning damages of organic matters in conventional thermal desorption soil remediation is avoided.

The invention discloses a calcareous soil salt alkali improver and a preparation method thereof. The improver is prepared from acrylic acid, maleic anhydride and water. The salt alkali improver prepared by the invention can rapidly reduce the pH value of soil, reduce the soil alkalization degree, enhance the soil desalination capacity, improve the soil granular structure, reduce the soil bulk density, enhance the soil permeability, increase the soil calcium fertilizer content, and improve the soil function of moisture and fertility retention; the addition of the improver does not cause secondary pollution to the soil environment; the composition of the improver is simple, the preparation method is convenient, the use is convenient, and the improver is sprayed by adding water, is dripped with water or conducts drip irrigation with water-saving irrigation technique.

The high-strength utilization mode of the land in China accelerates the deterioration of a soil function, and soil pollution is very serious due to excessive application of chemical fertilizer and agricultural products. The crop yield declining and food safety incidents caused by soil degradation and soil pollution take place frequently and cause serious threats to people's health. The developmentof an eco-friendly, cheap and high-efficiency soil conditioner for improving soil fertility and reducing soil pollution is extremely urgent. The invention discloses a preparation method of a multifunctional soil improving agent. The preparation method comprises mixing waste biomass and a certain amount of attapulgite and modifying the mixture under specific conditions to obtain the multifunctional soil improving agent. The preparation method has simple processes. The multifunctional soil improving agent is renewable and eco-friendly, realizes a low cost, is rich in nutrients such as trace elements necessary for crop growth and can be used as organic fertilizer and a contaminated soil repairing agent.

The invention discloses a growth-promoting strain screening method based on high-throughput sequencing and an application of the method. According to the method, an effective soil function screening gradient is constructed so as to form a gradient change difference between the growth of a test plant and the composition of a soil microbial community, and the community composition of the microorganisms in the soil is analyzed by combining a widely-used, low-cost and high-accuracy high-throughput sequencing technology; and by carrying out regression analysis through the absolute abundance of thedominant strain OTU and the biomass of the test plant, whether the dominant strain is a potential growth-promoting strain or not is judged, the dominant potential growth-promoting strain with high absolute abundance is separated, and a tie-back test is carried out to verify the growth-promoting effect of the dominant strain. According to the method, the growth-promoting strains are screened directly depending on the growth-promoting effect, and uncertainty and false positive of the strains screened according to functional genes and a functional selection culture medium in practical applicationcan be effectively avoided; and in addition, the method is clear in target, higher in success rate and wide in application prospect in screening growth-promoting strains.

The invention belongs to the field of building foundation pit engineering and discloses a hole collapse preventive trenching construction method of an underground diaphragm wall. A construction is composed of a grab bucket (1) of a trenching machine, retaining wall slurry (2), a soil layer (3), a soft soil layer (4), a conduit (5), cemented soil (6), an underground diaphragm wall (7) constructed, and guide walls (8). The underground diaphragm wall easily suffers hole collapse during trenching construction; to solve the problem, a trench of the underground diaphragm wall can be filled with the cemented soil reaching 1 to 2 m above the trench hole collapse part, and soft retaining walls form after settling and compacting; after the cemented soil has stable quality and has certain strength, trenching construction continues, and the soft retaining walls made up of the cemented soil function in retaining jointly with the slurry so as to prevent hole collapse. The environment with the soft soil layer is improved through the cemented soil, the soft retaining walls are formed and finish retaining jointly with the slurry, the problem that lateral supporting force of the slurry is poor is effectively solved, the soft soil layer of high flow plasticity is protected from hole collapse, smoothness of trenching is ensured, and trenching quality is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of functional organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a preparation method of organic fertilizers with function of drought resisting and water retention. More particularly the fertilizer is composed of animal wastes which are wide in resource and low in price and a drought-resisting water-retaining agent. By implementation of the method, the animal wastes and the water-retaining agent with the function of drought resisting and water retention are combined organically, so that a novel multifunctional organic fertilizer product which has the functions of water resisting, fertilizer efficiency and soil improvement is prepared. The method provided by the invention is simple in preparation process and easy to implement, and the product prepared by the method has good effect and market prospect.

The invention discloses a soil sampler with a soil loosening function for environment monitoring. The soil sampler comprises a rack, supporting frames are arranged on the lower side of the rack in a left-right symmetrical mode, and a soil sampling mechanism with the soil loosening function is arranged on the rack. The soil sampler with the soil loosening function for environment monitoring is ingenious in structural arrangement, a soil sampling cylinder abuts against the ground under the elastic force effect of an elastic telescopic support, thus soil sampling stability is improved, and soil is prevented from overflowing from the bottom of the soil sampling cylinder; a soil sampling cylinder rotating driving mechanism drives the soil sampling cylinder to rotate, a crushing disc at the bottom end of the soil sampling cylinder is driven to drive crushing teeth to crush the ground surface layer and loosen the soil, and thus soil sampling is facilitated; a soil sampling shaft is driven todrive a soil sampling spiral blade to rotate for soil sampling, meanwhile, a lifting mechanism drives the soil sampling shaft to move downwards, then screw-in soil sampling is achieved, and the soil is pushed into the soil sampling cylinder by the soil sampling spiral blade; and after soil sampling is completed, the soil in the soil sampling cylinder can be discharged by reversely rotating the soil sampling shaft, and thus soil taking is convenient.

The invention relates to an automatic overturning equipment for a microbial fermentation bed for ecological pig breeding, which comprises a multifunctional moving device and an overturning device, and the overturning device is installed on the upper end of the multifunctional moving device. The present invention can solve the problem that in the process of overturning the existing fermentation bed, it is necessary for staff to overturn and pry the fermentation bed with the help of a shovel. The material is still lumpy, and the overturning is uneven. The staff bend over and overturn with tools for a long time, which is easy to cause injury to the body and cause safety hazards. It takes a long time to fall, the labor intensity is high and the efficiency is low, and the function of automatically turning over and loosening the soil on the fermentation bed can be realized.

The invention relates to a maintenance-free vegetation ecology remediation method suitable for strip mine dumps. The method includes the steps of firstly, sampling soil in a target strip mine dump, and subjecting the sampled soil to microflora analysis and viable organism number detection and statistics; secondly, according to the analysis result, preparing an appropriate activator which can effective activate soil functional bacteria, mixing the activator with dump surface soil and litter according to the proportion of 1:1, and performing evaluation analysis are the mixing; thirdly, applied the prepared activator to the surface soil, for vegetation planting, of the strip mine dump. The method has the advantages that soil fertility is increased effectively, the added activator can fast release nutrients such as quick-acting nitrogen and quick-acting phosphorus in the litter to increase the nutrient content in the dump soil and promote vegetation growth, and manual maintenance can be avoided.

The invention relates to an automatic backfilling vehicle for a direct-buried 1KV polyvinyl chloride insulated power cable, which includes a traveling device and a backfilling device, and the backfilling device is installed at the rear end of the traveling device. The invention can solve the problem that in the process of existing direct buried cables, workers need to backfill and roll the soil. The process is cumbersome and complicated. The blocks are different, and it is not compact when manually pressed. When moving forward, due to the steep ground surface, the existing equipment truck vibrates when walking and affects the work progress. The safety hazards caused by the falling of the equipment due to the heavy objects, the laying process takes a long time, the labor intensity is high, and the efficiency is low. It can realize the function of automatic walking of direct buried cables and backfilling rolling soil.

The invention provides a novel agricultural microbial agent composition and a production method thereof. The novel agricultural microbial agent composition comprises a microbial agent carrier and microbial components, wherein the microbial agent is composed of maize germ meal, yellow mealworm excrements, bean pulp and corn bran; the microbial components are composed of bacillus subtilis, bacilluslicheniformis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus laterosporus and photosynthetic bacteria. During production, the microbial agent carrier is sterilized in a high-pressure sterilizer and then mixed with the microbial components for fermentation and packaging. The novel agricultural microbial agent composition can improve and restore soil functions, promote plant growth, improve stress resistance of crops and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, accelerate decomposition of organic materials and increase the quality of the crops.

The invention discloses a construction process for treatment of a deep soft soil foundation. The construction process comprises the following steps of: firstly, sucking part of water in the soft soil foundation through a first metal tube by a first pump; then feeding hot air into the soft soil foundation through a second metal tube by a second pump, wherein the hot air flowing in the soft soil function can dry the soft soil foundation and can take away water in the soft soil foundation; and sucking the hot air from the first metal tube by the first pump. Therefore, the hot air can quickly remove water from the soft soil foundation, the drainage period is relatively short, and the construction progress is not slowed down.

The invention discloses a soil regulator for improving plant survival rate. The soil regulator is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 5-22 parts of egg shell powder, 1-6 parts of soybean cake powder, 45-95 parts of tapioca flour, 28-65 parts of furnace slag, 10-20 parts of urea, 50-60 parts of potassium nitrate, 8-20 parts of calcium nitrate, 5-15 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.05-0.1 part of zinc sulfate, 1-6 parts of ethylenediamine tetreaceticacid ferric, 1-2 parts of beer saccharomycetes, 0.1-0.3 part of manganese sulfate, 0.1-1 part of borax, 0.02-0.05 part of sodium molybdate, 2-6 parts of water and 1-3 parts of a nutrient. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the regulator. The regulator disclosed by the invention has the functions of improving soil quality and enhancing the soil function, regulates the fertility attribute of the soil, and meanwhile, avoids nutrient loss and provides soil nutrients which cannot be supplemented by refill, so that the content of the organic compounds in the soil is optimum for plant growth.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial agents, and particularly relates to an agricultural compound microbial agent and a production method thereof. The agricultural compound microbial agent comprises a microbial agent carrier and microbial ingredients; the microbial ingredients comprise first compound zymophyte and second compound zymophyte; the first compound zymophyte comprises trichoderma harzianum and paecilomyces lilacinus; the second compound zymophyte comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus laterosporus; and the production method comprises the following steps of S1, sterilizing the microbial agent carrier to obtain a sterilized material; S2, cooling the sterilized material; S3, weighing microbial ingredients; S4, mixing the cooled sterilized material with the microbial ingredients to obtain the agricultural compound microbial agent; and S5, weighing and sub-packaging to obtain the final product. The agricultural compound microbial agent has the advantages of reasonable strain collocation, simple production method, reduced cost and improved efficacy, and can improve and restore soil functions, reduce soil diseases and pests, promote root growth, and reduce crop root and leaf diseases.

The invention discloses a tobacco planting soil micro-ecological environment determination method. The determination method comprises the following steps: 1) setting a functional bio-organic fertilizer; 2) carrying out field contrast test trait investigation; 3) carrying out soil biological, physical and chemical characteristic determination; 4) carrying out soil microorganism diversity determination. The functional biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention has the advantages that the soil function can be effectively improved, and the soil improvement result can be completely, comprehensively and effectively evaluated.

The invention discloses a functional microbial agent for improving soil. The functional microbial agent comprises compound bacteria and a carrier; the compound bacteria comprise two or more of rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing microbial bacteria, silicate microbial bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, growth-promoting bacteria, mycorrhizal bacteria and microbial insecticidalbacteria; and the carrier comprises hollow microspheres and a bacterial adsorbent. The hollow microspheres are used as the adsorption carrier, hemispherical or arc-shaped fragmentation sheet structures can be formed after the hollow microspheres are broken, the hollow microspheres are similar to semi-closed structures, living areas of single florae can be formed in the hollow microspheres, and infectious microbes are prevented from entering the hollow microspheres, so the effect of protecting and segmenting the florae is achieved, the survival rate of bacteria after compounding is increased,and the number of the florae is increased; and a plurality of florae which are not suitable for being compounded at the same time can be compounded together, and then are cultured, so the requirementfor bacterial species characteristic compounding is lowered, and the florae can be matched at will for culture, thereby the florae with various functions can be blended according to needs.