65 results about "Reactive nitrogen species" patented technology

A silicon nitride film is formed on a substrate in a reaction chamber by introducing trisilane and a reactive nitrogen species into the chamber in separate pulses. A carbon precursor gas is also flowed into the chamber during introduction of the trisilane and / or during introduction of the reactive nitrogen species, or in pulses separate from the trisilane and reactive nitrogen species pulses. The carbon is used as a dopant in the silicon nitride film and advantageously allows a high stress silicon nitride film to be formed.

A silicon nitride film is formed on a substrate in a reaction chamber by introducing trisilane and a reactive nitrogen species into the chamber in separate pulses. A carbon precursor gas is also flowed into the chamber during introduction of the trisilane and / or during introduction of the reactive nitrogen species, or in pulses separate from the trisilane and reactive nitrogen species pulses. The carbon is used as a dopant in the silicon nitride film and advantageously allows a high stress silicon nitride film to be formed.

The invention provides a method of forming a film stack on a substrate, comprising performing a silicon containing gas soak process to form a silicon containing layer over the substrate, reacting with the silicon containing layer to form a tungsten silicide layer on the substrate, depositing a tungsten nitride layer on the substrate, subjecting the substrate to a nitridation treatment using active nitrogen species from a remote plasma, and depositing a conductive bulk layer directly on the tungsten nitride layer.

The present invention involves the use of desmethyl tocopherols such as gamma tocopherol for the protection of cardiovascular tissue from nitrative stress. While mechanisms other than scavenging of reactive nitrogen species may be involved, desmethyl tocopherols exhibit significant protection and may be utilized to treat or help prevent cardiovascular particularly arterial vascular disease. The desmethyl tocopherols may be administered dietarily or parenterally when a more direct dosage is desired. Both routes may be utilized together or separately to optimize therapeutic and prophylactic benefits. The lessening of damage induced by reactive nitrogen species leads to the lessening of arterial blockage in thrombosis.

A method for inhibiting and / or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and / or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a chemical compound including an analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The carotenoid analog or derivative may be synthetic. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include an acyclic alkene including at least one substituent and / or a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may enhance the solubility of the carotenoid analog or derivative such that the carotenoid analog or derivative at least partially dissolves in water.

A method for inhibiting and / or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and / or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a chemical compound including an at least partially water soluble carotenoid analog or derivative. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ether functionality.

A method for inhibiting and / or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and / or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a pharmaceutical composition including a carotenoid analog or derivative. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ester functionality. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition may include a biologically inactive carrier. The pharmaceutical composition may be adapted to be administered to a human subject.

A method for inhibiting and / or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and / or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a pharmaceutical composition including a carotenoid analog or derivative. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a cyclic ring of a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may be coupled to the cyclic ring with an ether functionality. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition may include a biologically inactive carrier. The pharmaceutical composition may be adapted to be administered to a human subject.

Topical skin compositions include a complex containing components to provide a defense against the various pathway mechanisms of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and other oxidizing species on the human body including the skin. The compositions may be administered by topically applying them in an amount to inhibit those mechanisms. The compositions and methods are directed to the prevention of the adverse or detrimental effects of free radicals, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and other oxidizing species on the human body including the skin. Thus, the compositions according to the invention improve barrier function, inhibit elastase and collagenase, and / or promote synthesis of collagen and elastin.

The method for manufacturing an electronic device is provided. The method includes: applying an active hydrogen species over a surface of an underlying interconnect formed on a substrate and having an anti-corrosion material formed on the surface thereof and containing copper, to remove the anti-corrosion material; and forming an insulating barrier layer, which functions as a copper diffusion barrier film, on the underlying interconnect via a chemical vapor deposition or an atomic layer deposition employing a reactive gas of a mixture of an organosilane gas and an active nitrogen species. The active hydrogen species is generated from hydrogen gas or a gaseous mixture of hydrogen gas and inert gas, and the active nitrogen species is generated from nitrogen gas or a gaseous mixture of nitrogen gas and inert gas, and the active hydrogen species and the active nitrogen species are separately generated and used, respectively.

The invention discloses a skin bottom essence containing herba dendrodii officinalis extract and a preparation method thereof. The skin bottom essence is prepared from the following components of herba dendrodii officinalis extract, a tremella extracting solution, carnosine, acetyl hexapeptide-8 liquid, alpine plant extract, vitamins and vitamins thereof, allantoin, glucan, sodium hyaluronate, a moisture absorbent, an emulsifier, a nanometer micro-emulsion, an appearance modifier, a thickener, arginine, EDTA-2Na (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt), inhibition stimulation factors,a preservative, essence, and deionized water. The skin bottom essence has the advantages that the herba dendrodii officinalis extract, the tremella extracting solution, a radix gentianae extracting solution, carnosine, the acetyl hexapeptide-8 liquid, the alpine plant extract, and the nanometer micro-emulsion are contained; the functional ingredients are promoted to be absorbed and permeated intothe deep layer of skin, the skin cells can be activated, reactive nitrogen species can be cleared away, the skin metabolism can be promoted, the micro-circulation can be improved, and the protein synthesis of skin can be promoted; the effects of supplementing water and moisturizing, maintaining elasticity, tightening and brightening, and reducing small wrinkles are realized, and the natural agingof the skin is delayed.

This invention provides compositions which specifically reacts with peroxynitrite rather than other reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. This invention also provides related agents for measuring peroxynitrite. This invention also provides related methods for measuring peroxynitrite in a sample, high-throughput screening fluorescent methods for detecting peroxynitrite and high-throughput methods for screening compounds that increase or decrease the production of peroxynitrite comprising using such compositions and agents.

The present invention involves the use of desmethyl tocopherols such as gamma tocopherol for the protection of cardiovascular tissue from nitrative stress. While mechanisms other than scavenging of reactive nitrogen species may be involved, desmethyl tocopherols exhibit significant protection and may be utilized to treat or help prevent cardiovascular particularly arterial vascular disease. The desmethyl tocopherols may be administered dietarily or parenterally when a more direct dosage is desired. Both routes may be utilized together or separately to optimize therapeutic and prophylactic benefits. The lessening of damage induced by reactive nitrogen species leads to the lessening of arterial blockage in thrombosis.

The present invention generally provides stilbenoid derivatives and methods for using stilbenoid derivatives to modulate the activity of cannabinoid receptors or scavenge reactive nitrogen species.

A method of preparing a precious metal nitride nanoparticle composition, includes the step of ionizing nitrogen in the gas phase to create an active nitrogen species as a plasma. An atomic metal species of the precious metal is provided in the gas phase. The active nitrogen species in the gas phase is contacted with the atomic metal species of the precious metal in the gas phase to form a precious metal nitride. The precious metal nitride is deposited on the support. Precious metal nanoparticle compositions are also disclosed.

The invention provides a method of forming a film stack on a substrate, comprising performing a silicon containing gas soak process to form a silicon containing layer over the substrate, reacting with the silicon containing layer to form a tungsten silicide layer on the substrate, depositing a tungsten nitride layer on the substrate, subjecting the substrate to a nitridation treatment using active nitrogen species from a remote plasma, and depositing a conductive bulk layer directly on the tungsten nitride layer.

The invention provides formulations and methods of use of furopyridine-based compositions alone and in combination with one or more various second therapeutic agents for the treatment of human disease. The furopyridine composition may include one or more furopyridine species, of which cicletanine is an example. The furopyridines may take various enantiomeric forms, ranging from pure (−) through (−)-dominant, racemic and (+)-dominant to pure (+). Second agents may be any drug useful in combination with a furopyridine in the treatment of diseases such as, cardiovascular disease (hypertension, restenosis, etc.), diabetes, diabetes complications, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Some of these diseases are associated with endothelial dysfunction and imbalances of prostacyclin or of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS).

Nanoparticle mediated microvascular embolization (NME) of tumor tissue may occur after systemic administration of PEM as a result of the nitric oxide sequestration by PEM. Nitric oxide sequestration may cause a reduction in available extracellular nitric oxide in the tumor endothelium, which may prompt a widespread shutdown of vascular flow, hemorrhage, and necrosis. In particular, shutdown of vascular flow may trigger changes in nitric oxide production as well as trigger an acute inflammatory response, which may create reactive nitrogen species that are particularly destructive to the microvasculature. PEM constructs are developed that incorporate large amounts of iron-containing protein, possess high oxygen affinities, and demonstrate delayed nitric oxide binding. Such properties induce selective NME of tumors after extravasation, and will likely enhance the effect of VEGFR TKIs and / or mTOR inhibitors.

This invention provides methods, kits and systems which permit simultaneous profiling of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and / or reactive halogen species (RHS) including reactive chlorine species (RCS) and / or reactive bromine species (RBS) through multiplexed fluorescence detection of three or more indicator probes in live cells or subcellular organelles.

A method used for synthesizing intermediates for use in the synthesis of carotenoid synthetic intermediates, carotenoid analogs, and / or carotenoid derivatives. The analog, derivative, or intermediate may be administered such that a subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and / or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include methods for synthesizing chemical compounds including an analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The carotenoid analog or derivative may be synthetic. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may enhance the solubility of the carotenoid analog or derivative such that the carotenoid analog or derivative at least partially dissolves in water.

A method for synthesizing intermediates for use in the synthesis of carotenoid synthetic intermediates, carotenoid analogs, and / or carotenoid derivatives. The carotenoid analog, derivative, or intermediate may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and / or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include methods for synthesizing chemical compounds including an analog or derivative of a carotenoid. Carotenoid analogs or derivatives may include acyclic end groups. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may enhance the solubility of the carotenoid analog or derivative such that the carotenoid analog or derivative at least partially dissolves in water.

A method for inhibiting and / or ameliorating the occurrence of diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals in a subject whereby a subject is administered a carotenoid analog or derivative, either alone or in combination with another carotenoid analog or derivative, or co-antioxidant formulation. The analog or derivative is administered such that the subject's risk of experiencing diseases associated with reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals may be thereby reduced. The analog or analog combination may be administered to a subject for the inhibition and / or amelioration of any disease that involves production of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, radicals and / or non-radicals. In some embodiments, the invention may include a chemical compound including an analog or derivative of a carotenoid. The carotenoid analog or derivative may be synthetic. The carotenoid analog may include a conjugated polyene with between 7 to 14 double bonds. The conjugated polyene may include an acyclic alkene including at least one substituent and / or a cyclic ring including at least one substituent. In some embodiments, a carotenoid analog or derivative may include at least one substituent. The substituent may enhance the solubility of the carotenoid analog or derivative such that the carotenoid analog or derivative at least partially dissolves in water.

The invention encompasses compositions and methods for effectively treating and / or preventing osteoporosis and related disorders such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and for promoting overall bone and joint health. This is accomplished by totally addressing the multiple mechanisms that lead to such disorders. The invention includes compositions comprising a combination of agents that effectively suppress, regulate or interfere with the various biochemical processes and mechanisms that increase the risk for development of osteoporosis. The present compositions and methods simultaneously promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption by (a) stimulating osteoblast formation and osteogenesis; (b) suppressing adipocyte differentiation; (c) inhibiting osteoclast formation; and (d) increasing apoptosis of osteoclasts. The inventive compositions used for administration to human and other mammalian subjects having or at risk for development of osteoporosis comprise (1) at least one agent capable of modulating expression and / or activity of one or more of peroxisome activated protein receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CAAT / enhancer binding protein-α (C / EBPα) and Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP-1); (2) at least one agent that activates expression and / or activity of one or more of the osteogenic transcription factors (Runx2 / Cbfα1, Dlx5, Osterix, Msx2); (3) at least one agent that activates expression and / or activity of one or more of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs: BMP 2 and 4), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin; (4) at least one agent capable of activating Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway; (5) at least one agent that inhibits the activity of pro-oxidants including reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species (ROS); (6) at least one agent that suppresses one or more of inflammatory mediators including interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); and (7) at least one agent that induces the expression of and / or activates one or more of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin (SIRT1) and adiponectin (AP).

Described herein are methods and compositions for scavenging reactive molecules in the air, including free radicals, reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. In particular, described herein are methods and compositions for scavenging airborne active molecules prior to contact of the active compounds with skin and other tissue surfaces. The scavenging effect is produced by topical application of the scavenging agent, such as a volatile antioxidant, to the skin, or by releasing the scavenging agent, such as a volatile antioxidant, into the air near or in close proximity to the skin. In addition, the present invention relates to compositions comprising a combination of a scavenger and a carrier or excipient, wherein the scavenger comprises a fragrance or fragrance ingredient having antioxidant properties, and the scavenger scavenges the air surrounding the skin site to which the composition is applied active molecules in. The compositions of the present invention are also used in household products such as candles, deodorants and pet litter to scavenge indoor reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

The present invention provides methods and compositions based on optical sensor conjugates that are useful for detecting reactive oxygen, reactive nitrogen, or both species that are a direct result of inflammation caused by tissue damage.