The present disclosure is directed to modulators of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, the chemical synthesis thereof, and the medical use of such compounds for the treatment and / or management of the severity and duration of non-specific pain, tension-type pain, headache, migraine, lower back pain, sciatica, dental pain, muscular pain, pain associated with acute soft tissue injuries, bursitis, tendonitis, lumbago, periarthritis, tennis elbow, sprains, strains, muscular problems associated with sports injuries, muscular problems associated with accidents, period pain, primary dysmenorrhoea, acute sore throat pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, any disorder requiring analgesic response, any disorder requiring anti- inflammatory response, any disorder requiring antipyretic response, any conditions mediated by cyclooxygenase, cystic fibrosis, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and / or conditions mediated by levels of beta-amyloid are described.