79 results about "Insulin signalling" patented technology

Method and compositions are provided for treating or preventing a skin pathology or disorder associated with diabetes and / or aging, by topical administration of at least one agent capable of restoring an impaired physiological condition of the skin associated with said skin pathology or disorder. Examples of such agents include PKC modulating agents, various adipokines and insulin signaling related molecules. In particular, restoration of the subcutaneous adipose tissue can overcome many of the diabetic skin pathologies and aging skin disorders and conditions.

Macrocyclic compounds that specifically inhibit insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) are provided. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, stereoisomers, polymorphs, tautomers, isotopically enriched forms, and prodrugs of the macrocyclic IDE inhibitors are also described. Pharmaceutical compositions are also provided. In vivo and in vitro methods of using the IDE inhibitor, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the IDE inhibitor, for example, for the inhibition of IDE in a subject exhibiting aberrant IDE activity, impaired insulin signaling, or insulin resistance, for example, a subject having diabetes, are also provided.

The invention discloses methods of differentiating stem cells into liver cell lineages. The present disclosure provides methods and kits for the differentiation of stem cells into relevant Iiver cell lineages, as well as methods of using the relevant Iiver cell lineages in screening for a cellular response, a phenotype and in the treatment of a condition. In one embodiment, stem cells are first differentiated into cells of the definitive endoderm lineage, which are differentiated into posterior foregut (PFG) lineage cells by one or more of retinoic acid activators and / or one or more inhibitors of transforming growth factor-[beta] (TGF[beta]). An additional embodiment provides a method for the differentiation of posterior foregut lineage cells into Iiver bud progenitors (LB) by one or more activators of TGF[beta] signalling, and / or one or more modulators of Wnt signalling, and / or one or more activators of cyclic AMP / PKA signaling; and a further embodiment provides a method for the differentiation of Iiver bud progenitors into hepatic progenitors by one or more inhibitors of TGF[beta] signalling and / or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) inhibitors and / or one or more Notch inhibitors. Another embodiment discloses the differentiation of hepatic progenitors into hepatocyte-like cells or perivenous hepatocyte-like cells by one or more of Notch inhibitors and / or activators of glucocorticoid signalling and / or one or more activators of insulin signalling and / or one or more of ascorbic acid signalling activators and / or additional factors. Methods and kits for maintaining LB in self renewal state, hepatocyte-like cells in perivenous or periportal state, as well as surface markers for LB and mid / hindgut (MHG) cells are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for constructing an insulin resistance animal model. A Sprague Dawley rat is injected with glucose oxidase (400U / kg weight) through tail vein injection to induce to generate insulin resistance. The statistical analysis of ghlcose tolerance and insulin tolerance and the detection of insulin signal transduction prove that the glucose oxidase constructed insulin resistance animal model is feasible, and can serve as a research model for insulin resistance, the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and a medicine function mechanism. Compared with the conventional model constructing technology, the method has the advantages of simple modeling method, high modeling efficiency, low cost, short period, high repeatability and the like.

The present invention is related to a novel protein p140 polypeptide which is a key protein involved in the signal transmission system of insulin; method for preparation of it; DNA encoding the said polypeptide; vector derived the said DNA; host cells transformed the said vector; antibody of the said polypeptide; pharmaceutical composition containing the said peptide or antibody; method for the prevention and / or treatment of diabetes, which is characterized by tyrosine phosphorylation of the said protein p140; agent for the prevention and / or treatment for the currently said the prevention and / or treatment method; agent for the prevention and / or treatment of diabetes, which is characterized by containing a compound which can tyrosine phosphorylation of protein p140, as active ingredient and the screening methods of the said prevention and / or treatment agent.Tyrosine phosphorylation of protein p140 is an essential step in the induction of hypoglycemia by glucose uptake. Method and agent of prevention and / or treatment based on tyrosine phosphorylation of protein p140 in the present invention is not only improve the diabetes-derived hyperglycemic conditions but are also useful for the treatment and / or prevention of diabetes, especially non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

Peptide inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) having an amino acid sequence motif of XZXXXS(p)X, wherein S(p)=phosphorylated serine or phosphorylated threonine, X=any amino acid, and Z=any amino acid except serine or threonine. These inhibitors, which are about 7 to 20 amino acids long, are specific for GSK-3 and strongly inhibit the enzyme with an IC50 of about 150 μM. Also provided are methods of treating biological conditions mediated by GSK-3 activity, such as potentiating insulin signaling in a subject, treating or preventing type 2 diabetes in a patient, and treating Alzheimer's Disease by administering peptide inhibitors. Compositions of these peptide inhibitors and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are also provided, as is a method for identifying inhibitors of GSK-3. The invention further relates to a computer-assisted method of structure based drug design of GSK-3 inhibitors using a three-dimensional structure of a peptide substrate of GSK-3.