193 results about "Chemical interaction" patented technology

Apparatus and methods are provided for trapping, manipulation and transferring ions along RF and DC potential surfaces and through RF ion guides. Potential wells are formed near RF-field generating surfaces due to the overlap of the radio-frequency (RF) fields and electrostatic fields created by static potentials applied to surrounding electrodes. Ions can be constrained and accumulated over time in such wells. During confinement, ions may be subjected to various processes, such as accumulation, fragmentation, collisional cooling, focusing, mass-to-charge filtering, spatial separation ion mobility and chemical interactions, leading to improved performance in subsequent processing and analysis steps, such as mass analysis. Alternatively, the motion of ions may be better manipulated during confinement to improve the efficiency of their transport to specific locations, such as an entrance aperture into vacuum from atmospheric pressure or into a subsequent vacuum stage.

Methods and devices are provided for absorber layers formed on foil substrate. In one embodiment, a method of manufacturing photovoltaic devices may be comprised of providing a substrate comprising of at least one electrically conductive aluminum foil substrate, at least one electrically conductive diffusion barrier layer, and at least one electrically conductive electrode layer above the diffusion barrier layer. The diffusion barrier layer may prevent chemical interaction between the aluminum foil substrate and the electrode layer. An absorber layer may be formed on the substrate. In one embodiment, the absorber layer may be a non-silicon absorber layer. In another embodiment, the absorber layer may be an amorphous silicon (doped or undoped) absorber layer. Optionally, the absorber layer may be based on organic and / or inorganic materials.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention to provide an efficient and productive method to form a reliable film. A method to form a film according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in which a transferring layer formed on a substrate is transferred to a workpiece to form a predetermined film on the workpiece, includes treating a surface of the workpiece to enhance or improve the adhesion between the transferring layer and the workpiece by chemical interaction.

An imaging technology for fuel cells is based on x-ray microscopy. A metrology system images the electro-chemical interaction areas of solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFC) in-situ. This system takes advantage of both the penetrating power and elemental absorption contrast of hard x-ray radiation to image the internal interaction areas in a SOFC. The technology can further take advantage of the strong dependence of the x-ray absorption on material type and energy to distinguish the four major material types: cathode, electrolyte, air, and low-Z contaminants such as sulfur.

A pin used in investment casting, or the lost wax process, to support the ceramic core of a mold includes a core formed of a metal which provides suitable strength to maintain the position of the ceramic core during pouring of molten metal into the mold but which is susceptible to oxidation during firing of the mold. The pin core is encased with an outer coating formed of a metal which resists oxidation during firing of the mold and resists chemical interaction during processing of the cast part. An intermediate coating is preferably disposed between the core and outer coating and is likewise formed of a metal which resists oxidation during firing of the mold and resists chemical interaction during processing of the cast part. The invention also includes an investment casting mold using a plurality of these pins and methods of making the pin and the mold.

A lubricant composition is disclosed that comprises: (a) a lubricant and (b) at least one molybdenum-containing compound in the form of surface-capped nanosized particles of the general formula: (Z)n(X—R)m wherein Z is an inorganic moiety comprising molybdenum and sulfur in the form of particles having dimensions in the range of from about 1 to about 100 nm; (X—R) is a surface-capping reagent wherein R is a C4 to C20 straight or branched-chain alkyl or alkylated cycloalkyl radical or radicals and X is a functional group capable of specific sorption and / or chemical interaction with molybdenum / sulfur moiety; n is the number of molecules of Z in the particles; m is an integer representing the amount of surface-capping reagents relative to a single particle; and the ratio of m to n is in the range of from about 1:1 to about 10:1.

A machine reading system is described herein that includes a framework in which grammar rules can be developed using a concise language that combines syntax and semantics. The resulting technology thus reduces the development time for new grammars in a new domain. An enormous amount of information appears in the form of natural language across millions of academic papers and other literature sources. For example, in the biological domain, there is a tremendous ongoing effort to extract individual chemical interactions from these texts, but these interactions are only isolated fragments of larger causal mechanisms such as protein signaling pathways. The proposed rule-based event extraction framework can model underlying syntactic representations of events in order to extract signaling pathway fragments. Though application to the biomedical domain is herein described, the framework is domain-independent and is expressive enough to capture most complex events annotated by domain experts.

The present invention provides a manufacturing method of three-dimensional cross-linked foam for uppers of shoes, comprises preparing a plurality of foaming materials in a planar or three-dimensional shape with a cross-linked foaming suppressed; forming at least one interfacing pattern on at least one foaming material to prevent physical and chemical interactions between the foaming materials, the interfacing pattern formed of at least one interfacing material; cross-linked foaming of the foaming material having the interfacing pattern thereon to obtain a cross-linked foam in a planar shape, the cross-linked foam having at least one inner cavity structure therein; putting the planar cross-linked foam into close contact with the last and disposing the cross-linked foam and the last in a molding die having a cavity; and compression molding the cross-linked foam, inner and outer surfaces of the molded cross-linked foam having shapes corresponding to an outer surface of the last and a surface of the cavity of the molding die, respectively.

A method and apparatus for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel which increases the efficiency with which said fuel's energy content may be extracted resulting in improved combustibility and reduction of by-products produced. The hydrocarbon fuel is cracked and ionized in a reactor vessel by means of a feedback loop of electro-chemical interactions with a reactor rod comprised of materials which are both magnetic and catalytic.

A system for depositing a thin film on a substrate using a vapor deposition process is described. The deposition system includes a process chamber having a vacuum pumping system configured to evacuate the process chamber, a substrate holder coupled to the process chamber and configured to support the substrate, a gas distribution system coupled to the process chamber and configured to introduce a film forming composition to a process space in the vicinity of a surface of the substrate, a non-ionizing heat source separate from the substrate holder that is configured to receive a flow of the film forming composition and to cause thermal fragmentation of one or more constituents of the film forming composition when heated, and one or more power sources coupled to the heating element array and configured to provide an electrical signal to the at least one heating element zone. The deposition system further includes a remote source coupled to the process chamber and configured to supply a reactive composition to the process chamber to chemically interact with the substrate, wherein the remote source comprises a remote plasma generator, a remote radical generator, a remote ozone generator, or a water vapor generator, or a combination of two or more thereof.

An ink for inkjet comprising: a dye; and water and / or a water-miscible organic solvent, wherein the dye comprises a dye compound having at least one heterocyclic structure, and the ink further comprises, as an additive, at least one compound capable of chemically interacting with the dye compound.