567 results about "Beam energy" patented technology

An apparatus for measuring the coordinates of a point on the surface of an object comprises a projection system for projecting a beam of energy onto the surface of the object, a receiving system for receiving reflected beam energy from the target surface, and a detector for detecting the received energy. The projection system comprises a beam expander for expanding the width of the beam, and a focussing device for focussing the projected beam. The position of the reflected beam energy at the detector provides a measure of the range of the point on the target surface using triangulation and the direction of the projected beam provides the x and y coordinates. The focussing device can be controlled to vary the focal length of the projected beam and to control the beam size at the target object to vary the area of the target surface illuminated by the beam and thereby to control the resolution of the measurements.

A radiosurgery system is described that is configured to deliver a therapeutic dose of radiation to a target structure in a patient. In some embodiments, inflammatory ocular disorders are treated, specifically macular degeneration. In some embodiments, other disorders or tissues of a body are treated with the dose of radiation. In some embodiments, the target tissues are placed in a global coordinate system based on ocular imaging. In some embodiments, the target tissues inside the global coordinate system lead to direction of an automated positioning system that is directed based on the target tissues within the coordinate system. In some embodiments, a treatment plan is utilized in which beam energy and direction and duration of time for treatment is determined for a specific disease to be treated and / or structures to be avoided. In some embodiments, a fiducial marker is used to identify the location of the target tissues. In some embodiments, radiodynamic therapy is described in which radiosurgery is used in combination with other treatments and can be delivered concomitant with, prior to, or following other treatments.

An apparatus is operated to determine the location of at least one object on a touch surface of a light transmissive panel. In the apparatus, an illumination arrangement introduces radiation into the panel for propagation by internal reflection between the touch surface and the opposite surface, so as to generate a grid of intersecting radiation paths in a sensing area, and a detection arrangement measures the transmitted energy in the radiation paths. A data processor then determines, based on the transmitted energy, the location based on an attenuation of two or more radiation paths caused by the object touching the touch surface within the sensing area. In the apparatus, the illumination arrangement generates at least a subset of the radiation paths by sweeping at least one beam of radiation along the touch surface. The detection arrangement comprises a fixed re-directing device which receives and re-directs the beam onto a common detection point while the beam is swept along the touch surface, and a radiation detector which is located at the common detection point to measure the energy of the beam(s).

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for treatment of a solid tumor. More particularly, the invention comprises a multi-axis and / or multi-field charged particle cancer therapy system. In one embodiment, the tumor is imaged from multiple directions in phase with patient respiration. The two-dimensional images are combined to produce a three-dimensional picture of the tumor relative to patient features. The resulting three-dimensional image is used in generation of a radiation treatment plan and subsequent radiation therapy with the radiation beam in terms of control of two-dimensional beam trajectory, delivered beam energy, delivered beam intensity, and / or beam velocity each as a function of patient vertical translation position, patient rotation position, and / or patient respiration.

The invention relates to treatment of solid cancers. More particularly, the invention relates to a combined rotation / raster method, referred to as multi-field charged particle cancer therapy. The system uses a fixed orientation proton source relative to a rotating patient to yield tumor irradiation from multiple directions. The system combines layer-wise tumor irradiation from many directions with controlled energy proton irradiation to deliver peak proton beam energy within a selected tumor volume or irradiated slice. Optionally, the selected tumor volume for irradiation from a given angle is a distal portion of the tumor. In this manner ingress Bragg peak energy is circumferentially spread about the tumor minimizing damage to healthy tissue and peak proton energy is efficiently, accurately, and precisely delivered to the tumor.

A method and apparatus are disclosed for improving bodily safety during exposure to an eye hazardous monochromatic treatment light source by diverging the light, such as with a diffusing unit attached to the light source distal end so that the radiance of the light exiting the distal end is an eye safe level. At a first position of the light source distal end substantially in contact with an outer surface of a target, the energy density of an exit beam from the distal end is suitable for effecting a desired treatment, and at a second non-contact position of the distal end the exit beam energy density is significantly less than a value suitable for effecting the treatment. In an additional embodiment, the diverging or diffusing unit has a device for evacuating vapors or particles from the target.

A method and system for identifying harmful airborne biota, particularly insects, and including plant material, such as mold spores and pollen, and flying insects and birds and either killing ordisabling the harmful airborne biota is disclosed. Lasers, radar, and other types of radiation may be used to illuminate at least a perimeter around assets to be protected, with radiation returns detected and applied to a pattern classifier to determine whether the detected insects of interests are harmful, benign or beneficial. In the event the insects are determined to be harmful, a variety of measures responsive to the radiation returns may be taken to eliminate the harmful insects, these measures including firing pulses of beamed energy or radiation of a sufficient intensity to at least incapacitate them, or mechanical measures such as controlled drone aircraft to track and kill the pests.

Method for fabricating a three-dimensional object by successive consolidation, layer by layer, of selected regions of a layer of powder, consolidated regions corresponding to successive sections of the three-dimensional object, comprising in order:a—deposit layer of powder onto a support;b—fuse the layer of powder by a first laser energy source so as to obtain a fused layer corresponding to the section of the object and exhibiting a first state of its mechanical properties,c—heat at least a part of the fused layer by a second electron beam energy source to a temperature which follows a controlled variation over time so as to modify the first state of the fused layer and to obtain a consolidated layer with improved mechanical properties,d—repeat the preceding steps until several superposed consolidated layers are formed with improved properties forming the object.

The invention comprises a charged particle beam path coupling an injector, synchrotron accelerator, beam transport system, targeting system, and / or patient interface method and apparatus. Preferably, the injector comprises: a negative ion beam source, a two phase ion source vacuum system, an ion beam focusing lens, and / or a tandem accelerator. Preferably, the synchrotron comprises turning magnets, edge focusing magnets, magnetic field concentration magnets, winding and correction coils, flat magnetic field incident surfaces, and / or extraction elements. Preferably, the synchrotron, beam transport system, targeting system, and patient interface combine to allow multi-axis / multi-field irradiation, where multi-axis control comprises control of horizontal and vertical beam position, beam energy, and / or beam intensity and multi-field control comprises control of patient rotation and distribution of delivered energy in and about the tumor in a time controlled, targeted, accurate, precise, dosage controlled, and / or efficient manner.

The invention relates to treatment of solid cancers. More particularly, the invention relates to a combined rotation / raster method, referred to as multi-field charged particle cancer therapy. The system uses a fixed orientation proton source relative to a rotating patient to yield tumor irradiation from multiple directions. The system combines layer-wise tumor irradiation from many directions with controlled energy proton irradiation to deliver peak proton beam energy within a selected tumor volume or irradiated slice. Optionally, the selected tumor volume for irradiation from a given angle is a distal portion of the tumor. In this manner ingress Bragg peak energy is circumferentially spread about the tumor minimizing damage to healthy tissue and peak proton energy is efficiently, accurately, and precisely delivered to the tumor.

An improved microcalorimeter-type energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer provides sufficient energy resolution and throughput for practical high spatial resolution x-ray mapping of a sample at low electron beam energies. When used with a dual beam system that provides the capability to etch a layer from the sample, the system can be used for three-dimensional x-ray mapping. A preferred system uses an x-ray optic having a wide-angle opening to increase the fraction of x-rays leaving the sample that impinge on the detector and multiple detectors to avoid pulse pile up.

Numerous largely unpredictable criticalities of operating parameters arise in electron beam projection lithography systems to maintain throughput comparable to optical projection lithography systems as minimum feature size is reduced below one-half micron and resolution requirements are increased. Using an electron beam projection lithography system having a high emittance electron source, variable axis lenses, curvilinear beam trajectory and constant reticle and / or target motion in a dual scanning mode wherein the target and / or wafer is constantly moved orthogonally to the direction of beam scan, high throughput is obtained consistent with 0.1 mu m feature size ground rules utilizing a column length of greater than 400 mm, a beam current of between about 4 and 35 mu A, a beam energy of between about 75 and 175 kV, a sub-field size between about 0.1 and 0.5 mm at the target at an optical reduction factor between about 3:1 and 5:1, a numerical aperture greater than 2 mrad and preferably between about 3 and 8 mrad and a scan length between about 20 mm and 55 mm. Reticle and target speed preferably differ by about the optical reduction factor.

Embodiments of methods and apparatus are disclosed for obtaining a phase-contrast digital radiographic imaging system and methods for same that can include an x-ray source for radiographic imaging; a beam shaping assembly including a collimator and a source grating, an x-ray grating interferometer including a phase grating, and an analyzer grating; and an x-ray detector, where a single arrangement of the beam shaping assembly, the x-ray grating interferometer and a position of the detector is configured to provide spectral information (e.g. at least two images obtained at different relative beam energies).

Embodiments of methods and apparatus are disclosed for obtaining a phase-contrast digital radiographic imaging system and methods for same that can include an x-ray source for radiographic imaging; a beam shaping assembly including a collimator and a source grating, an x-ray grating interferometer including a phase grating, and an analyzer grating; and an x-ray detector, where a single arrangement of the beam shaping assembly, the x-ray grating interferometer and a position of the detector is configured to provide spectral information (e.g. at least two images obtained at different relative beam energies).

A method for processing data in a radiation procedure includes obtaining operation data, and formatting the operation data into a set of image data, wherein the operation data comprises one or a combination of a gantry angle, a patient position, a patient orientation, radiation dose rate, radiation dose fraction, beam pulse rate, beam energy, time when beam was activated, time when beam was deactivated, and beam variation (if any) during an image readout. Also machine axis information, machine status info and operation data from other systems like for instance the RPM system may be included. A method of processing data in a radiation procedure includes obtaining operation data, obtaining an image data, and combining the operation data with the image data in substantially real time.

A method and system, which may be implemented in some embodiments as a video game, for identifying harmful airborne biota, particularly flying insects, and either killing or disabling the harmful airborne biota is disclosed. Lasers, radar, and other types of radiation may be used to illuminate objects in a detection region, with radiation returns detected and applied to a pattern classifier to determine whether the detected airborne biota are harmful, benign or beneficial. Tracking and classification information may be provided to a remotely located game participant who may be permitted to control measures taken to eliminate the harmful airborne biota, these measures including firing pulses of beamed energy or radiation of a sufficient intensity to at least incapacitate them, or mechanical measures such as flying a remotely-controlled miniature unmanned aircraft to engage and kill the pests.

A method and device for photoablation is disclosed wherein photoablation occurs along the interface between a material having a lower energy ablation threshold and a material having a higher energy ablation threshold. The method and device utilize a laser beam having a beam energy density which is less than the higher energy ablation threshold and greater than or equal to the lower energy ablation threshold. By directing such a laser beam to the interface, the material having the lower energy threshold is photoablated while the material having the higher energy threshold is largely unaffected.

The invention comprises a charged particle beam path coupling an injector, synchrotron accelerator, beam transport system, targeting system, and / or patient interface method and apparatus. Preferably, the injector comprises: a negative ion beam source, a two phase ion source vacuum system, an ion beam focusing lens, and / or a tandem accelerator. Preferably, the synchrotron comprises turning magnets, edge focusing magnets, magnetic field concentration magnets, winding and correction coils, flat magnetic field incident surfaces, and / or extraction elements. Preferably, the synchrotron, beam transport system, targeting system, and patient interface combine to allow multi-axis / multi-field irradiation, where multi-axis control comprises control of horizontal and vertical beam position, beam energy, and / or beam intensity and multi-field control comprises control of patient rotation and distribution of delivered energy in and about the tumor in a time controlled, targeted, accurate, precise, dosage controlled, and / or efficient manner.

The invention relates to a laser gas analyzer and a calibration method; wherein, the laser gas analyzer comprises a light source radiation unit used for generating semiconductor laser beams, a spectroscopy unit which respectively transmits the generated laser beams to a reference cell which is internally encapsulated by zero gas and gas to be measured with known consistency and a measurement cell where the gas to be measured is pumped into during the measurement process and the zero gas and end gas are respectively pump into during the calibration process, a reference detector which is used for obtaining the energy intensity of the laser beam which passes through the reference cell and positioning the absorption peak wavelength of the gas spectrum, and a measurement detector which is used for measuring the energy intensity of the laser beam which passes through the measurement cell and determining the gas consistency during the measurement process; and the calibration method combines the energy signals of the laser beams obtained by the two detectors with a specific arithmetic to carry out zero calibration and end calibration on the instrument. The laser gas analyzer has the advantages of wide application range, simple calibration operation process, saving time, reducing the production cost and usage cost and the like owning to the characteristics of sealed laser passage and multi-optical passages.

The invention discloses a method and apparatus for localizing a target sound source. The method comprises: wave beam delay differences of array elements at preset orientations in a microphone array are determined, wherein each two array elements are combined; on the basis of the delay differences, the sums of wave beam energy obtained by the array elements in a paired combination mode at the preset orientations are used as the wave beam energy of the preset orientations; and according to the wave beam energy of the preset orientations, location of a sound source is determined. According to the invention, with the microphone array, the location of the sound source is determined based on the wave beam energy of the microphone array at the preset orientations, thereby improving the resolution effect of the sound source.

A method, apparatus and system are provided for use in better optimizing switched beam, wireless communications. In some embodiments, a method is provided that receives a communication over a first wireless reverse link beam, selects a type of beam weighting control, determines a rule according to the type of beam weighting control, and determining a weighting of a forward link beam according to the rule. The method can further determine an energy of the first reverse link beam, and determine a first gain energy ratio based on the first reverse link beam energy, such that the weighting is determined by applying the first gain energy ratio to the rule. Some embodiments further determine a pilot beam configuration, wherein the rule is determined according to the pilot beam configuration and the selected type of beam weighting control.

A negative ion-based neutral beam injector comprising a negative ion source, accelerator and neutralizer to produce about a 5 MW neutral beam with energy of about 0.50 to 1.0 MeV. The ions produced by the ion source are pre-accelerated before injection into a high energy accelerator by an electrostatic multi-aperture grid pre-accelerator, which is used to extract ion beams from the plasma and accelerate to some fraction of the required beam energy. The beam from the ion source passes through a pair of deflecting magnets, which enable the beam to shift off axis before entering the high energy accelerator. After acceleration to full energy, the beam enters the neutralizer where it is partially converted into a neutral beam. The remaining ion species are separated by a magnet and directed into electrostatic energy converters. The neutral beam passes through a gate valve and enters a plasma chamber.

Methods for forming a patterned SOI region in a Si-containing substrate are provided which has geometries of about 0.25 μm or less. The methods disclose each utilize a patterned dielectric mask that includes at least one opening having a size of about 0.25 μm or less which exposes a portion of a Si-containing substrate. Oxygen ions are implanted through the opening using at least a base ion implantation process which is carried out at an oxygen beam energy of about 120 keV or less and an oxygen dosage of about 4E17 cm−2 or less. These conditions minimize erosion of the vertical edges of the patterned dielectric mask and minimize formation of lateral straggles.

An apparatus is operated to determine the location of at least one object on a touch surface of a light transmissive panel. In the apparatus, an illumination arrangement introduces radiation into the panel for propagation by internal reflection between the touch surface and the opposite surface, so as to generate a grid of intersecting radiation paths in a sensing area, and a detection arrangement measures the transmitted energy in the radiation paths. A data processor then determines, based on the transmitted energy, the location based on an attenuation of two or more radiation paths caused by the object touching the touch surface within the sensing area. In the apparatus, the illumination arrangement generates at least a subset of the radiation paths by sweeping at least one beam of radiation along the touch surface. The detection arrangement comprises a fixed re-directing device which receives and re-directs the beam onto a common detection point while the beam is swept along the touch surface, and a radiation detector which is located at the common detection point to measure the energy of the beam(s).

A negative ion-based neutral beam injector comprising a negative ion source, accelerator and neutralizer to produce about a 5 MW neutral beam with energy of about 0.50 to 1.0 MeV. The ions produced by the ion source are pre-accelerated before injection into a high energy accelerator by an electrostatic multi-aperture grid pre-accelerator, which is used to extract ion beams from the plasma and accelerate to some fraction of the required beam energy. The beam from the ion source passes through a pair of deflecting magnets, which enable the beam to shift off axis before entering the high energy accelerator. After acceleration to full energy, the beam enters the neutralizer where it is partially converted into a neutral beam. The remaining ion species are separated by a magnet and directed into electrostatic energy converters. The neutral beam passes through a gate valve and enters a plasma chamber.

The invention relates to a time modulation array antenna system with reconfigurable frequency and beam direction, which comprises a control circuit for changing the work state time sequence of two bit phase shifters in a period so as to change the beam direction to trace mobile objects and changing the time modulation period so as to change the beam frequency to complement Doppler frequency shift; two bit phase shifters for periodically maintaining or reversing signals so that the beam energy is concentrated for a primary harmonic component for communication. According to the invention, Doppler frequency shift generated by high speed movement is complemented by changing time modulation period, and the work time sequence of the two bit phase shifters is adjusted to adjust the beam direction and concentrate beam energy to reduce multipath effect. The invention is particularly applied to the field of communication in high-speed movement environments such as railway, airplane and the like.

In a method of forming a nanopore in a nanometric material, a nanopore nucleation site is formed at a location that is interior to lateral edges of the nanometric material by directing a first energetic beam, selected from the group of ion beam and neutral atom beam, at the interior location for a first time duration that imposes a first beam dose which causes removal of no more than five interior atoms from the interior location to produce at the interior location a nanopore nucleation site having a plurality of edge atoms. A nanopore is then formed at the nanopore nucleation site by directing a second energetic beam, selected from the group consisting of electron beam, ion beam, and neutral atom beam, at the nanopore nucleation site with a beam energy that removes edge atoms at the nanopore nucleation site but does not remove bulk atoms from the nanometric material.

A method for processing data in a radiation procedure includes obtaining operation data, and formatting the operation data into a set of image data, wherein the operation data comprises one or a combination of a gantry angle, a patient position, a patient orientation, radiation dose rate, radiation dose fraction, beam pulse rate, beam energy, time when beam was activated, time when beam was deactivated, and beam variation (if any) during an image readout. Also machine axis information, machine status info and operation data from other systems like for instance the RPM system may be included. A method of processing data in a radiation procedure includes obtaining operation data, obtaining an image data, and combining the operation data with the image data in substantially real time.

A harmonic generation / beam shaping system to generate a shaped beam having a harmonic relationship with a beam generated by a laser, including a first harmonic generation element and a second harmonic generation element arranged sequentially along an axial beam path extending between an input from the laser and an output of the harmonic generation / beam shaping system and at least two beam shaping elements located along the axial beam path. At least one of the least two beam shaping elements is located between the second harmonic generation element and the laser to transform the beam energy profile into a preferred profile to distribute the beam energy across a larger cross sectional area of at least one harmonic generation element or to reduce peaks in the energy distribution profile of the beam, or both, wherein the preferred profile may be a flat-top profile or a Bessel function profile.

Systems and apparatuses for providing particle beams for radiation therapy with a compact design and suitable to a single treatment room. The radiation system comprises a stationary cyclotron coupled to a rotating gantry assembly through a beam line assembly. The system is equipped with a single set of dipole magnets that are installed on the rotating gantry assembly and undertakes the dual functions of beam energy selection and beam deflection. The energy degrader may be exposed to the air pressure. The beam line assembly comprises a rotating segment and a stationary segment that are separated from each other through an intermediate segment that is exposed to an ambient pressure.