The invention discloses a method for preparing avibactam sodium through a one-pot method. The method comprises the following steps: by taking (2S,5R)-5-[(benzyloxy)amino]pyridine-2-ethyl carboxylate oxalate as a starting material, firstly generating a compound II by reacting with triphosgene, hydrolyzing, adding ammonia water to perform ammoniation, thereby obtaining a compound III, performing hydrogenation by taking formic acid, ammonium formate or hydrazine hydrate as a hydrogen donor in hydrogenation reaction, and then salifying to obtain the avibactam sodium. The avibactam sodium is prepared by use of the one-pot method, the raw material is cheap and easy to obtain, the reaction condition is mild, the operation is simple, the safety is higher, the yield is high, the purity is good, and the method is suitable for large scale industrial production. Formulae are shown in the description.