The invention provides a low-temperature evaporation and concentration system and relates to the field of evaporation and concentration. The system comprises an evaporation chamber used for material evaporation, a condensation chamber, a vacuum pump, a refrigerant condenser, a refrigerant evaporator, a throttling device and a compressor, wherein the evaporation chamber is communicated with the condensation chamber, the vacuum pump is connected with the evaporation chamber or the condensation chamber, the refrigerant condenser is arranged in the evaporation chamber, and the refrigerant evaporator is arranged in the condensation chamber; a refrigerant outlet of the refrigerant evaporator is connected with one end of the compressor, a refrigerant inlet of the refrigerant condenser is connected with the other end of the compressor, a refrigerant inlet of the refrigerant evaporator is connected with one end of the throttling device, and a refrigerant outlet of the refrigerant condenser is connected with the other end of the throttling device. According to the system, the discharge temperature of the compressor is adjusted through the throttling device, so that a material can be evaporated and condensed at the lower temperature.