The invention discloses a method for rapidly realizing partial nitrification of municipal sewage through aerobic starvation and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. The method comprises the following steps: 1, closing a water inlet and outlet system, and continuously stirring and aerating, so that the sludge is positioned in an aerobic starvation state; 2, performing aerobic starvation for 5-14 days; and 3, restoring the sludge activity. According to the method, by utilizing different starvation sensitivities of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria on the aerobic starvation environment and high NOB aerobic attenuation rate, lots of NOB decays. Meanwhile, AOB has high starvation maintenance capacity, and when the environment is suitable for cell growth, the AOB is positioned in a dominant bacteria place due to a high activity recovery rate. Due to control of the aeration time and sludge age, long-term maintenance of the AOB dominant bacteria place is further realized. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, low economic investment, rapid realization of partial nitrification and stable short-term effect.