The invention discloses a gradient-based Bayer format image interpolation method and an FPGA-based display device. For the color recovery of red and blue pixels, an improvement is made in bilinear interpolation, and no simple averaging is performed on the pixels. Instead, calculate the horizontal and vertical gradients and left and right diagonal gradients of pixels according to the Sobel operator, and then determine the horizontal gradient according to the ratio relationship between the horizontal and vertical gradients and the ratio relationship , the vertical weighting coefficient and the left and right diagonal weighting coefficients, so as to obtain the interpolation result of the red and blue pixels. In the present invention, the display device adopts FPGA as the core platform, fully utilizes the advantages of its parallel processing and modular design, and reduces the realization time of module functions such as graphic picture generation, video image data collection, color interpolation processing, graphic superposition and display , which meets the display requirements of high-resolution and high-speed graphic images of an airborne display device.