The invention relates to a cleaning device of a heat exchanger. The cleaning device of the heat exchanger comprises a high pressure air source, a vortex tube, a flexible tube, a nozzle array, a controller, a dirt sensor, an ambient temperature sensor, a hot-air end regulating valve, a pressure regulating valve, a stepper motor, a transmission mechanism and a hot and cold proportional regulating valve. The cleaning device of the heat exchanger utilizes the vortex tube to obtain temperature changeable pressure air and can automatically work on line. The cleaning device of the heat exchanger utilizes the pressure air for cleaning, the cleaning is easy to perform, and secondary pollution is not prone to occurring. Compared with water, the pressure air is easier to obtain. The temperature changeable pressure air can be used for achieving temperature changeable cleaning to remove dirt with adhesive force. The vortex tube which is used for the cleaning device is simple, convenient and low in cost. The cleaning can be performed on line, the heat exchanger does not need to stop working, and the high efficiency is obtained. The defects of cumbersome steps, disassembly necessary, structurally-damaged proneness of the manual cleaning are overcome. The cleaning of the heat exchanger through automatic procedures is achieved, the performance of the heat exchanger is improved, and the energy is saved. The cleaning device of the heat exchanger can be applied to air heat exchangers in the industrial fields and the civilian fields, such as air conditioner condensers and vehicle cooling systems.