86results about How to "Lower resolution requirements" patented technology

The invention discloses a satellite image aircraft target model identification method based on super-resolution, which comprises the following steps: performing super-resolution reconstruction on an acquired satellite image to obtain a super-resolution reconstructed image; processing the super-resolution reconstructed image through a region screening network to obtain a candidate frame image; inputting the candidate box image into a pre-trained super-resolution reconstruction target identification network for target identification to obtain a target identification result; wherein the super-resolution reconstruction target identification network is obtained by alternately training a super-resolution adversarial generative network and a classification identification network and continuouslyoptimizing by utilizing an incremental learning method. According to the method, the super-resolution adversarial generative network and the classification recognition network are alternately trained,the recognition model is continuously optimized by utilizing an incremental learning thought, the target recognition network with high generalization ability is obtained, and the application range and the recognition accuracy of the recognition network are improved.

The invention relates to an image fusion and super-resolution achievement method based on variation and fractional order differential, and belongs to the field of image processing and information fusion. On the basis of image fusion and super-resolution achievement, a low-resolution source image to be fused is regarded as a multi-channel image, unit value representation of gradient characteristics of the multi-channel image is obtained through construction of structure tensor of the low-resolution source image, and an image fusion and super-resolution achievement model is established according to the same or similar gradient characteristics between the low-resolution fusion image and the multi-channel image; in the model, the fractional order differential and fractional order total-variation minimization achievement method is introduced to achieve noise suppression, image edge information is enhanced through diffusion of two-way filtering wave diffusion, and generation of false information is suppressed. The method overcomes the defect that with a traditional method, fusion and super-resolution achievement can not be performed at the same time and has good application prospects in the fields of target imaging, safety monitoring and the like.

The invention relates to a machine vision based light-emitting panel detection method. The machine vision based light-emitting panel detection method is characterized in that an image of a product to be detected is obtained by establishing a background model so as to obtain a preprocessing image; then, the image of the product is independently processed through a topographic contour model and a radiation energy model; finally, a defect region is obtained by adopting synchronously summarized processing data. Therefore, the detection requirements of various common light-emitting panels can be met. In addition, by relying on mutual matching of various models, various defects of the light-emitting panels can be effectively overcome through machine vision, and the problem of a poor MURA defect convergence effect is solved. Furthermore, the machine vision based light-emitting panel detection method can be achieved by being matched with a conventional image acquisition system, detection software and relevant mechanical mechanisms and is easy to popularize.

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical displacement measurement and relates to a refraction-amplifying optical displacement sensor. In the prior art, a micro-force elastic element and a movable plane mirror are connected through a connecting rod, and the contact type measurement is low in measuring accuracy. The refraction-amplifying optical displacement sensor comprises a laser light source and a PSD, a refraction amplifying triple prism is arranged between the laser light source and the PSD, the optical axis of the laser light source is spatially perpendicular to the axis of the refraction amplifying triple prism, the incidence angle a for measuring light emitted by the laser light source to irradiate into the refraction amplifying triple prism is larger than or equal to 70 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees, and a light sensing face of the PSD is perpendicular to the measuring light emitted from the refraction amplifying triple prism. The displacement D to be tested is amplified a plurality of times by the refraction amplifying triple prism, so that the requirements for the resolution ratio of the PSD are obviously reduced, and the ordinary resolution ratio can meet the requirements. In a measuring process, the refraction-amplifying optical displacement sensor is not in contact with the surface of the micro-force elastic element to be tested, so that the reduction of the measuring accuracy caused by mechanical connection is avoided.

The invention discloses an uplink data communication method for spacecraft multilevel subnets and belongs to the technical field of communication. A communication link transmission unit (CLTU) is produced by a ground station and is transmitted to a link layer router controller. The link layer router controller judges whether a received instruction is a direct instruction or an indirect instruction. If the received directive is the direct directive, the CLTU is directly extracted and all-level subnet remote terminals are controlled through cables. If the received directive is the indirect directive, the CLTU is transferred to a primary subnet main control terminal. The primary subnet main control terminal extracts all remote control frames to be analyzed one by one. When a remote control frame belongs to the subnet, a remote control packet parse is carried out by a corresponding terminal of the subnet, and otherwise the remote control frame is transferred to a target subnet. The other subnet main control terminals receive all remote control frames transferred by super-level subnets to be analyzed one by one. When the remote control frame belongs to the subnet, the remote control packet parse is carried out by the corresponding terminal of the subnet, and otherwise the remote control frame is transferred to the target subnet. The data uploading communication method is not only compatible with an existing direct instruction and hardware processing, but also capable of supporting communication between satellite-borne multiple subnets and the ground.

The invention discloses a license plate recognition method based on deep learning, which comprises the following steps: step 1, training a deep convolutional neural network model M for license plate character detection; constructing a license plate character label set B; step 2, inputting the positioned license plate image I to a license plate character detection network M, and outputting a candidate license plate character set H; step 3, reordering the candidate license plate character set H obtained in the step 2 according to the abscissa hi.x of the upper left corner of the smallest circumscribed rectangle of the candidate license plate character from small to large to obtain a set C; step 4, further executing screening operation on the set C obtained in the step 3; step 6, sequentiallytraversing the set E obtained in the step 5; step 7, returning that license plate recognition result L obtained in the step 6. The method has the beneficial effects of effectively inhibiting the influence of license plate character adhesion, fracture, deformation, license plate dirt, license plate inclination, residual shadow on the license plate and the like.

The invention discloses a remote sensing time sequence analysis-based abandoned land information extraction method. The method comprises the following steps of obtaining remote sensing image information; constructing an NDVI time sequence data set according to the acquired remote sensing image information, and constructing an NDVI continuous time sequence growth change curve of vegetation in the cultivated land range; according to the NDVI continuous time sequence growth change curve of the vegetation in the cultivated land range, extracting the parameter CV of the fluctuation intensity of theintra-year change curve of the NDVI; and extracting spatial distribution information of the abandoned land from the cultivated land range according to the CV value. According to the method, the phenological characteristic difference analysis of the abandoned land and the cultivated land can be carried out by utilizing remote sensing intra-year and inter-year continuous time sequence images, and the growth characteristics of the abandoned land are represented by normalizing the CV of the intra-year change curve fluctuation intensity of the difference vegetation index NDVI, so that the distribution information of the abandoned land in the year is obtained; and aggregating the multi-year image time sequence set to extract multi-year abandoned land spatial distribution information, thereby obtaining multi-year abandoned land evolution information.

The invention discloses a high precision intelligent gain multipath data collecting system. The high precision intelligent gain multipath data collecting system comprises a computer and a singlechip in communication connection through a serial communication interface. The singlechip is connected with an analogue-digital converter and is further connected with an eight-path serial-in parallel-out register. The eight-path serial-in parallel-out register is connected with an eight-channel analogue multiplexer and is further connected with a program-controlled amplifying circuit. The program-controlled amplifying circuit is connected with the eight-channel analogue multiplexer and the analogue-digital converter. An integral access for signal input, amplification, collection and output is formed by the eight-channel analogue multiplexer, the program-controlled amplifying circuit, the analogue-digital converter, the singlechip and the serial communication interface. According to the high precision intelligent gain multipath data collecting system provided by the invention, the signal collecting speed can be enhanced greatly, the reliability and intelligent degree of signal collection can be improved, and the anti-interference capacity of the system can be strengthened.

The invention belongs to the field of measurement of optical parameters, and particularly relates to a time-resolved measurement system and a method for reconstructing the optical parameters of turbid media. In order to realize fast, real-time, non-invasive in-vivo measurement of the optical parameters of an organizer under different wavelengths, the invention utilizes the technical scheme as follows: laser emerging from a variable attenuator enters into turbid media through incident optical fiber to be scattered or absorbed, and then reflected or transmitted laser from the surface of the medium is received by detection fiber; the laser detected by detection fiber is sent to a PMT detector with refrigeration function, electronic pulse output by the PMT detector is input to a time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) module, and the TCSPC module obtains a time extension curve emerging from an organization and inputs the curve into a computer for processing. The invention is mainly used for measuring the optical parameters of the organizer under different wavelengths.

The invention provides a 3D display component. The 3D display component comprises a display unit which comprises at least two pixel groups, wherein each pixel group comprises multiple pixel rows and each pixel row comprises multiple sub-pixels which are arranged in turn in a spaced way; a spatial light modulation unit which is arranged on one side of the display unit, wherein the spatial light modulation unit uses the modulation module to modulate the light emitted by multiple pixel groups to different preset areas, each preset area is arranged on one side away from the display unit of the spatial light modulation unit, the preset areas corresponding to at least two pixel groups are not overlapped in the first direction, and the first direction is the direction pointing to the spatial light modulation unit from the display unit; and a visual separation unit which is arranged on one side away from the display unit of the spatial light modulation unit, wherein each preset area is arranged between the visual separation unit and the spatial light modulation unit. According to the 3D display component, the viewing degree of freedom can be enhanced and the depth of field can be increased.

The present invention discloses a handheld visual inspection device and a pose detection method thereof, the device comprising a laser, a vision acquisition element, a control and data processing module, and an output module. The laser is used for projecting laser to the surface of an object to be inspected. The vision acquisition element is used for acquiring an image. The control and data processing module performs the following on the image: (1) preprocessing the image and extracting a light bar / center point of a light spot; (2) with a horizontal / longitudinal edge of the image as a baseline, taking the line formed by the light bar / center point of the light spot as the line to be inspected, calculating the included angle gamma between the two and judging whether the included angle is within a preset scope; (3) determining the position of the center point of the line to be inspected, calculating distance d thereof to a upper side edge / a lower side edge, and surveying whether the distance d is within a preset value scope; and displaying an inspection result. The technical solution can display a relative position relationship between the inspection device and the object to be inspected on a real time basis and facilitate an operator for timely adjusting the angle and distance, thereby improving inspection precision and stability of the device.

The invention discloses an arc heater water leakage fault diagnosis system based on atomic emission spectroscopy. The air is heated by an arc heater and expanded and accelerated by an effuser to formhigh temperature air flow. The flow field spectrum formed by the arc heater is focused by a spectrometric compression film. The focused flow field spectrum is transmitted to a spectral measurement module through an optical fiber. The spectral intensity of the oxygen atomic characteristic spectrum and the spectral intensity of the background spectrum are measured by using the spectral measurement module and then the relative intensity is calculated. The relative intensity is compared with the intensity threshold by a data processing terminal, and the water leakage fault of the arc heater is judged according to the comparison result. When the judgment result indicates water leakage, power supply to the arc heater is disconnected. Rapid diagnosis of the low enthalpy arc heater water leakage fault can be realized so that safe operation of the heater can be guaranteed; and the operation state of the heater can also be monitored in real time so as to provide reference to analysis of the long-term operation stability.

The invention discloses a display panel fault detection method and device system and a storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of display. The method comprises the following steps: drivinga plurality of sub-pixel groups of the display panel to emit light in sequence; when each sub-pixel group emits light, acquiring a bright image of a target area in the display panel through an image acquisition module; taking the brightness of the pixel to which each sub-pixel in each sub-pixel group belongs as the brightness of each sub-pixel in the bright-state image of the target area; and determining whether the sub-pixels of the display panel comprise brightness abnormal points according to the brightness of the sub-pixels of the display panel, wherein the brightness abnormal points comprise at least one of bright points and dark points. The problem that an existing image acquisition module cannot support fault detection of a high-resolution display panel is solved, fault detection can be conducted on the high-resolution display panel based on the fault detection method, and the fault detection method is used for fault detection of the display panel.

The invention discloses a high-precision analog to digital conversion method and device based on a double-path combination analog to digital converter. The method includes the following steps that an original digital signal is separated into a precision loss part signal and a precision retention part signal, the precision loss part signal is amplified by appointed times and then transmitted to a low channel of the double-path combination analog to digital converter, and the precision retention part signal is output to a high channel of the double-path combination analog to digital converter; a preset threshold value is larger than the resolution ratio of the double-path combination analogy to digital converter; an analog signal output by the low channel of the double-path combination digital-analog converter is shrunk by appointed times, then summation is performed on an analog signal output by the high channel of the double-path analog to digital, and then the analog signal is output; the device comprises a signal separating unit, an amplifying unit, the double-path analog to digital to digital converter and a weighting and summing circuit. The high-precision digital-analog conversion method and device have the advantages of being in conversion precision, easy to achieve, reliable in conversion, low in implementation cost and low in requirement for the digital-to-analog converter.

The present invention relates to the technology field of display, and provides a display device. The display device comprises a display screen, and an optical film material structure arranged at a light-emitting side of the display screen; the optical film material structure comprises a base material layer and a first microlens array layer, and the base material layer has a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely designed; the first microlens array layer is arranged at the at least one o the first surface and the second surface, the first microlens array layer comprises a plurality of microlenses arranged in order, the sizes of the microlenses are smaller than the sizes of subpixels, and seamed edges of adjacent microlenses are mutually overlapped. The display device can improve the screen window effect.

The invention provides a control method of a full-bridge rectifier and a full-bridge rectifying circuit. The method comprises the following steps: in the current period of input current, detecting thefirst voltage of the drain electrode of a half-bridge metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor MOSFET of the full-bridge rectifying circuit, determining the first voltage to be greater thana preset turn-off voltage threshold value, and turning off the half-bridge MOSFET; after the half-bridge MOSFET is turned off, detecting the second voltage of the drain electrode of the half-bridge MOSFET; if the second voltage is detected to be smaller than or equal to a preset turn-off voltage comparison threshold value, delaying preset time slices on the basis of the conduction time of a drivecontrol signal for controlling the gate electrode of the half-bridge MOSFET in the next period, if the second voltage is not detected to be smaller than or equal to the preset turn-off voltage comparison threshold value, reducing the preset time slices on the basis of the conduction time of the drive control signal for controlling the gate electrode of the half-bridge MOSFET in the next period. The operational reliability of the full-bridge rectifying circuit can be promoted.

A two-dimensional code state display instrument of intelligent equipment of a transformer substation comprises a power module, a single chip microcomputer, a liquid crystal display screen and a communication interface, and is characterized in that the power module is externally connected with an external alternating-current power source, the external alternating-current power source is converted into two channels by the power module, one channel of the external alternating-current power source is connected with the single chip microcomputer while the other channel is connected with the liquid crystal display screen, the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the liquid crystal display screen and the communication interface by two internal communication lines, and the communication interface is connected with a 485 interface of a communication interface of the intelligent equipment of the transformer substation by an external communication line. Messages transmitted from the intelligent equipment of the transformer substation are read by the two-dimensional state display instrument of the intelligent equipment of the transformer substation by means of decoding, the messages are processed according to a compiled program at first after being analyzed, then important information is recorded and stored as needed, simultaneously, the current running state of the equipment is evaluated, the liquid crystal display screen is driven to display processed data of the running state of the equipment in a two-dimensional code manner, and the information is read by maintenance personnel of the equipment via intelligent mobile phones, tablet computers and laptops with a photography function.

The invention provides a low-cost multi-channel real-time digital instrument panel visual identification method and system. Includes digital tube area configuration and digital tube decimal point information configuration S2: performing sub-area ROI preprocessing; S3:performing Sub-region identification; S4: performing Sub-region post-processing; 5, train, updating and teste that digital recognition model; S6: Publishing completion model. The invention solves the identification difficulties of the instrument panel one by one so as to be better applied to industrial production monitoring.

The invention provides an improved SPGD algorithm for OAM beam phase repair. The algorithm operation mode is characterized by setting an initial Zernike coefficient an initial deformation mirror voltage at a receiving end, and setting a voltage disturbance value and a Zernike coefficient disturbance value meeting Bernoulli distribution; generating disturbance phases through a zone method (Z-SPGD)and a modal method (M-SPGD) respectively; adding the disturbance phases generated through the two algorithms to obtain a total disturbance phase of the improved algorithm; calculating a deformation mirror brake voltage corresponding to the total disturbance phase; controlling surface type of a deformation mirror through the voltage to repair the beam, and measuring performance indexes of the beam;calculating the Zernike coefficient in M-SPGD and the deformation mirror voltage in the Z-SPGD in the next iteration by utilizing the performance indexes; and repeating the iteration steps until reaching algorithm convergence, and outputting a voltage value. The repair method can reduce resolution requirements of the M-SPGD for the deformation mirror and meanwhile, can improve convergence speed effectively, thereby solving the problem of slow convergence speed of the Z-SPGD and facilitating meeting real-time demand of an OAM communication system.

The invention belongs to the technical field of parking management, and provides a parking space occupancy state detection method and device and a medium. The method comprises the steps that: when it is detected that a vehicle-mounted terminal renting operation is triggered, the vehicle information of a target vehicle inputted by a user is obtained, and a first vehicle-mounted terminal is popped up, the first vehicle-mounted terminal is bound with the vehicle information; vehicle position information collected by the first vehicle-mounted terminal is obtained, and an occupied first parking space is determined based on the vehicle position information; a parking space image acquired by a camera device corresponding to the first parking space is acquired, and an occupied second parking space is determined based on the parking space image, wherein the parking space image is used for describing the occupation condition of the parking space monitored by the camera device; and if the second parking space comprises the first parking space, it is determined that the first parking space is legally occupied by the target vehicle. Therefore, the detection precision of the parking space occupation state can be improved, and the wiring cost can be reduced.

An optical microcavity biochemical sensor comprises a first 3dB light splitter, a second 3dB light splitter, a sensing microcavity, a reference microcavity, a sample groove and a reference groove. One side of the sensing microcavity is coupled with a port 1 of the first 3dB light splitter, the other side of the sensing microcavity is coupled with a port 1 of the second 3dB light splitter, one side of the reference microcavity is coupled with a port 2 of the first 3dB light splitter and the other side of the reference microcavity is coupled with a port 2 of the second 3dB light splitter, the sample groove is used for containing the sensing microcavity, and the reference groove is used for containing the reference microcavity. Besides, free spectral ranges of the sensing microcavity and the reference microcavity are different, and incident light is input from the first 3dB light splitter, is split and then coupled with the sensing microcavity and the reference microcavity respectively. The two light beams coupled into the sensing microcavity and the reference microcavity are respectively coupled into the port 1 and the port 2 of the second 3dB light splitter and are interfered by the second 3dB light splitter so as to be output as sensing signals.

The invention relates to a method for acquiring a colorful digital holographic image. The method is technically characterized in that a black and white type area array CCD and multiple recording wavelength lens-free fourier transform hologram recording optical path are used for respectively shooting a single-color digital hologram of an object to be recorded under the irradiation of red, green and blue laser; after the zeroing treatment of the acquired single-color digital holograms is carried out to acquire the corresponding zeroed digital holograms, the median filtering pretreatment is respectively carried out to acquire the corresponding median filtering pretreatment holograms, then the inverse fast fourier transform operation is carried out, and the acquired red, green and blue single-color digital holograms are respectively inputted into a three-layer zero matrix to acquire a colorful digital holographic image of the object to be recorded. According to the method, the position ofa reproduced image on a value reconstruction image plane is fixed by the distance between the recorded object on an object plane and a reference point light source during the recording and is not changed with the recording distance. In addition, the method has less constraint on the horizontal size of the object to be recorded and has a larger space-bandwidth product.

The invention discloses a deep learning remote sensing image semantic segmentation method and system based on U-NET, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the correction and reconstruction of initial remote sensing data, carrying out the classification preprocessing, constructing a remote sensing sample library, carrying out the prediction classification based on a segmentation network model, obtaining a basic training data set, and carrying out the enhancement processing, thereby obtaining a target training data set, and processing the remote sensing image by using the trained segmentation network model to obtain a target segmentation result. According to the method, atmospheric correction and radiation correction are adopted to eliminate radiation quantity errors and interference data, and then super-resolution reconstruction is performed on the remote sensing image, so that interference of external factors is effectively avoided, and the resolution requirement on the remote sensing image is reduced; and the segmentation network model can adaptively learn the characteristics of different targets and realize multi-target segmentation in the same remote sensing image, so that when the segmentation target is changed, only the corresponding data set needs to be adopted to retrain the segmentation network model, the manual reconstruction of the characteristics and the algorithm is not needed, and the workload is greatly reduced.

The invention provides an LED display device for industrial on-site parameters and a data processing method thereof, which are mainly used for displaying the on-site parameters. The device comprises a control assembly and an LED display screen, wherein, the control assembly utilizes an internally stored program for processing output signals and comprises an ROM, an RAM, a central processing unit and an I / O interface, and the LED display screen is connected with the control assembly by an RS 232 serial interface; and the LED display screen also comprises an asynchronous control card converting the digital signal into a lattice digital signal which can be identified by the LED display screen. The invention also provides a data processing method using the LED display device for the industrial on-site parameters. The invention has the functions of data processing and asynchronous display, on-site display contents do not need to be identical with the contents displayed by a display of a computer in a central control room, the requirement on the resolution ratio of the LED display is not high, and the integral device has low cost and favorable economical efficiency.

The invention provides a material flow electronic scale which comprises a supporting frame and weighing sensors fixedly arranged on the supporting frame. A rigid weighing sliding chute is fixedly arranged on the weighing sensors. The material flow electronic scale is characterized in that an angle A is formed between the length direction of the rigid weighing sliding chute and the horizontal plane, and A is larger than zero and smaller than 90 degrees; a rigid material-smoothening sliding chute fixedly arranged on the supporting frame or a feeding device or an independent support is parallel and opposite to the weighing sliding chute at a close distance, does make contact with the weighing sliding chute and is slightly higher than the weighing sliding chute; the bearing ends of the weighing sensors are in rigid connection with the rigid weighing sliding chute, and the designed bearing stress direction of the weighing sensors is perpendicular to the length direction of the rigid weighing sliding chute; the material flow electronic scale is further provided with a weighing control instrument which is electrically connected with the weighing sensors.

The invention discloses a traffic event detection method and device, a terminal and a storage medium. The traffic event detection method comprises the steps of obtaining a to-be-detected image; identifying a non-resident object in the to-be-detected image; performing three-dimensional modeling on the non-resident object in the to-be-detected image to obtain a first image; performing two-dimensional modeling on the non-resident object in the to-be-detected image to obtain a second image; and performing traffic event detection based on the first image and the second image to obtain a traffic event detection result. According to the invention, rapid detection of traffic events can be realized.

The phase contrast microscope includes femtosecond laser, and convergent lens, hollow capillary wave-guide, sample cell, zone plate and detector arranged in sequence on optical path. Capillary wave-guide, sample cell, zone plate and detector are setup inside vacuum chamber. The detector though wire is connected to computer outside the chamber. Laser through convergent lens is focused on capillary wave-guide, causing ionization of gas in capillary wave-guide to generate high order harmonic soft X-ray. The said soft X ray irradiates sample to be tested inside sample room. Then zone plate between sample room and detector forms a magnified image on the detector, which sends phase contrast image to computer for processing. The device possesses higher resolution and real time processing capability, being applicable to study ultra quick physical process of superfine structure.

The invention relates to an energy consumption real-time monitoring method for the nodes of a wireless sensor network, which can accurately measure the energy consumption of sensor nodes in different operation states and different power supply modes in real time. The method can synchronously achieve sampling of the voltage and the current, is high in sampling frequency, processing speed and data transmission, can complete accurate measurement within the whole distribution range of the node current, and is applicable to the energy consumption of sensor nodes in a USB power supply mode and a battery supply mode. The method provided by the invention can achieve real-time monitoring of the energy consumption of the nodes, supports that data is uploaded to a server, and can accurately analyze the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network via a common wireless sensor test platform.

The invention relates to the technical field of graphic coding, and particularly discloses a two-dimensional multi-frame modulation and demodulation system. The system comprises a first controller, aninformation source, a timer, an LED array, an information sink, a second controller and a camera. The information source is electrically connected with an input pin of the first controller. The LED array is electrically connected with an output pin of the first controller. The first controller is used for acquiring data information to be modulated through an information source, and the first controller is used for encoding information source data into a frame sequence formed by a plurality of data frames and controlling the LED array to sequentially modulate the data frames frame by frame. The camera is electrically connected with the signal input end of the second controller. The camera is used for scanning the data frame modulated by the modulation module, and the second controller is used for obtaining image data collected by the camera and processing and analyzing the image to obtain data information. The two-dimensional multi-frame modulation and demodulation system provided by the invention can display the cost of the image code in an electronic mode, and meets the requirement of a user for dynamically changing the image code.

An optical circuit is designed with demultiplexing and optical detection functionality with minimal crosstalk. An Nth order harmonic generation device is positioned before the demultiplexer to either convert the frequency or down convert the wavelength of the demultiplexed light wave by N-times. Upconverting the multiplexed signal at the receiver station is performed by either simultaneously upconverting N-times to create N times the original spacing between each optical channel or by upconverting the frequency of one optical channel at a time.