The invention provides a roller-type self-adjusting polycrystalline silicon vibrating screening device, and relates to the field of mechanical equipment. The device mainly comprises an underbed, a screen box is arranged on the underbed, a damping spring is arranged between the underbed and the screen box, the lower surface of the screen box is provided with a vibration motor, the screen box is provided with a screen plate, the screen plate mainly comprises a framework, the two sides of the inside of the framework are provided with automatic adjusting devices, the insides of the automatic adjusting devices are hollow, the front end of each automatic adjusting device is provided with a shaft hole, the two sides of the hollow inner side of each automatic adjusting device are provided with springs, the springs on the two sides of each automatic adjusting device are connected with a shaft sleeve in a squeezing mode, the shaft sleeve of each automatic adjusting device corresponds to the shaft hole of the corresponding automatic adjusting device, the insides of the shaft holes of the automatic adjusting devices on the two sides are connected with a shaft, the shaft is provided with a roller, the two ends of the shaft are sleeved with the shaft sleeves, and the diameter of the shaft is smaller than that of each shaft hole. The screening device is high in screening precision, strong in processing capacity, simple in structure, little in energy consumption, low in noise, good in sealing performance, free of overflowing dust, convenient to maintain and capable of being used for automatic operations; the service life of a screen cloth is long.