74results about How to "Improve potential stability" patented technology

An electrochromic variable reflectance mirror for a vehicle includes a reflector / electrode on the third surface of the mirror. This reflector / electrode forms an integral electrode in contact with the electrochromic media, and may be a single layer of a highly reflective material or may comprise a series of coatings. When a series of coatings is used for the reflector / electrode, there should be a base coating which bonds to the glass surface and resists any adverse interaction, e.g., corrosive action, with the constituents comprising the electrochromic media, an optional intermediate layer (or layers) which bonds well to the base coating and resists any adverse interaction with the electrochromic media, and at least one highly reflective layer which directly contacts the electrochromic media and which is chosen primarily for its high reflectance, stable behavior as an electrode, resistance to adverse interaction with the materials of the electrochromic media, resistance to atmospheric corrosion, resistance to electrical contact corrosion, the ability to adhere to the base or intermediate layer(s) (if present) and to the epoxy seal, and ease of cleaning. If a base layer is deposited it preferably covers the entire third surface; however, when this is done the highly reflective layer may optionally only coat the central portion of the third surface and not the perimeter edge portion. The third surface reflector / electrode provides of improved electrical interconnection techniques used to impart a voltage drive potential to a transparent conductor on the mirror's second surface.

The object of the present invention is to provide a photoconductor that is highly sensitive, stable in image quality under repeated usages, and affords prolonged life. In order attain the object, a photoconductor is provided that comprises a charge generating layer, a charge transporting layer, and a crosslinked charge transporting layer, on an substrate in order, the charge generating layer contains titanyl phthalocyanine crystal particles that exhibit a highest peak at 27.2°, main peaks at 9.4°, 9.6° and 24.0°, a peak at 7.3° as the lowest angle, and with no peaks in a range between 7.3° and 9.4°, and with no peak at 26.3° as Bragg 2θangles (±0.2°) in terms of CuK-α characteristic X-ray wavelength at 1.542 Å, and the averaged primary particle size of the titanyl phthalocyanine crystal particles is 0.25 μm or less, and the crosslinked charge transporting layer contains a reaction product of a radical polymerizable monomer having three or more functionalities and no charge transporting structure and a radical polymerizable compound having one functionality and a charge transporting structure, and the thickness of the crosslinked charge transporting layer is 1 to 10 μm.

The present invention relates to a polyvinyl acetal resin having a specific repeating structural unit, an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the polyvinyl acetal resin, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

A charge transport layer serving as a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a charge transporting material, polyester resin A containing a siloxane moiety and at least one of polyester resin C and polycarbonate resin D. The content of a siloxane moiety in polyester resin A is not less than 10% by mass and not more than 40% by mass relative to the total mass of polyester resin A. The charge transport layer has a matrix-domain structure having a matrix formed of the charge transporting material and at least one of polyester resin C and polycarbonate resin D and a domain formed of polyester resin A in the matrix.

A charge transport layer serving as a surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a charge transporting material, polyester resin A containing a siloxane moiety and at least one of polyester resin C and polycarbonate resin D. The content of a siloxane moiety in polyester resin A is not less than 10% by mass and not more than 40% by mass relative to the total mass of polyester resin A. The charge transport layer has a matrix-domain structure having a matrix formed of the charge transporting material and at least one of polyester resin C and polycarbonate resin D and a domain formed of polyester resin A in the matrix.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a novel silver / silver chloride powder solid electrode, which comprises mixing fine silver powder with particle diameter less than 100 mu m with silver nitrate solution and chloride solution to give dispersive micro powder, molding in dies, sintering, and chemical and electrochemical treating to give solid electrode. The electrode has highly dispersed electrochemical interface, high anti-interference ability, high electrode potential stability, and convenient mechanical treatment. The electrode can accurately reliably detect bioelectric signal, be used as medical electrical stimulation electrode and bioelectric recording electrode, and can also be used as electrochemical reference electrode.

Iodogallium phthalocyanine and bromogallium phthalocyanine having novel crystalline forms characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns according to CuKalpha characteristic X-ray diffraction method and exhibiting excellent sensitivity can be obtained through appropriate selection of a reaction solvent, followed by milling or stirring in an appropriate solvent. For example, alpha-chloronaphthalene is a suitable solvent for reaction between phthalonitrile and gallium triiodide or tribromide to provide iodogallium phthalocyanine or bromogallium phthalocyanine. Reaction of chlorogallium phthalocyanine or hydroxygallium phthalocyanine with hydroiodic (or hydrobromic) acid is also effective for providing a novel crystal form of iodo- (or bromo-) gallium phthalocyanine. Zirconium phthalocyanine exhibiting good electrophotographic performances can be obtained through a similar process.

The invention relates to a thermal dip-coating silver / silver halide reference electrode and a method for the production thereof, the reference electrode is composed of silver and silver halide insoluble salt, silver halide is formed on a silver matrix by adopting a thermal dip-coating method for combining with the matrix well, then part of silver halide is transformed into metallic silver through reduction so as to form a silver / silver halide reference electrode body, the silver / silver halide electrode body is packaged in an electrode sleeve processed by insulation materials, thereby forming a solid reference electrode component. The reference electrode of the invention has rather high electric potential stability, the combination between the formed silver halide coating and the matrix is firm due to the adoption of the fusing and dip-coating method, the problem of pulverization or stripping can be eliminated, and the reference electrode has a long service life owing to sufficient dip-coating amount. The reference electrode can be used to measure the metal structure electrode electric potential of mediums in seawater.

The invention relates to a potentiometric, ion-selective electrode for the measurement of cation concentration in a sample, which electrode is made of electrically conductive electrode material applied on an electrically insulating substrate using a thick-film technique and covered in the measurement area by an ion-sensitive membrane, preferably a liquid polymeric membrane. At least one water-soluble alkaline-earth metal salt is homogeneously dispersed in the electrode material. The water solubility of the alkaline-earth metal salt is preferably greater than 1×10−2 μl, and lies preferably between 1×10−2 and 1×10−1 g / l.

A charge transport layer, which is the surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, contains a charge transporting material, and a polyester resin A having a repeating structural unit including a specific siloxane moiety and at least one of a polyester resin C having a specific structure and a polycarbonate resin D having a specific structure as a binder resin. The content of the siloxane moiety in the polyester resin A is from 5% by mass or more to 30% by mass or less based on the total mass of the polyester resin A. The charge transport layer includes a domain made of the polyester resin A in a matrix made of the charge transporting material and at least one of the polyester resin C and the polycarbonate resin D.

A charge transport layer, which is the surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, contains a charge transporting material, and a polyester resin A having a repeating structural unit including a specific siloxane moiety and at least one of a polyester resin C having a specific structure and a polycarbonate resin D having a specific structure as a binder resin. The content of the siloxane moiety in the polyester resin A is from 5% by mass or more to 30% by mass or less based on the total mass of the polyester resin A. The charge transport layer includes a domain made of the polyester resin A in a matrix made of the charge transporting material and at least one of the polyester resin C and the polycarbonate resin D.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer that contains a polymer produced by the polymerization of a compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group. The compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group is a compound represented by the formula (1).

An electrophotographic image forming method having cyclic steps including a charging step of charging a rotating image-bearing member to charge a surface thereof, a latent image forming steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the image-bearing member, a developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image with a magnetic toner to form a toner image thereon, and a transfer step of transferring the toner image onto a recording material. In the method, the image-bearing member includes an electroconductive support, and a photoconductor layer and a surface layer formed on the support. The photoconductor layer includes a silicon-based non-single crystal material containing at least one of hydrogen and halogen, and the surface layer includes a carbon-based non-single crystal material containing at least one of hydrogen and halogen and also containing silicon in a proportion of 0.2 to 20 atm. % as calculated by Si / (Si+C). The magnetic toner includes toner particles comprising at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, and inorganic fine powder, has an average circularity of at least 0.950 and has a saturation magnetization of 10 to 50 Am2 / kg as measured at 79.6 kA / m. In the charging step, the image-bearing member is charged to a negative polarity by a contact charging means including charging particles comprising principally electroconductive particles having particle sizes of 0.1-10 mum, and a charging particle carrying member having an electroconductive and elastic surface and carrying the charging particles on the surface so as to contact the image-bearing member via the charging particles. In the latent image forming step, an image forming part of the surface of the image-bearing member is exposed to light to provide an attenuated potential thereat, thereby forming the electrostatic latent image. In the method, no cleaning step is included between the transfer step and the charging step.

A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a charge transporting layer, the charge transporting layer being a surface layer, the method including drying a coat of a charge-transporting-layer coating liquid to form the charge transporting layer, wherein the charge-transporting-layer coating liquid contains components (α), (β), (γ) and (δ), and when the solubility of the component (α) in 100 g of the component (γ) is defined as X(g) and the solubility of the component (α) in 100 g of the component (δ) is defined as Y(g), solubility X and solubility Y satisfy a relationship of X>Y.

The invention relates to a low-driving potential aluminum alloy sacrificial anode. The sacrificial anode comprises (wt%) the components as follows: zinc 0.05-1.0, indium 0.05-0.3, silicon 0.5-1.5, impurities including ferrum, copper and nickel not higher than 0.30, and high purity aluminum as a main raw material in balance. The sacrificial anode is manufactured by casting technique or other metallurgical means. The sacrificial anode has an operating potential in natural seawater of -0.80-(-0.85) V; has the advantages of uniform dissolution pattern, and high current efficiency (not lower than 85%); and can be used for corrosion control of hydrogen embrittlement sensitive materials such as high-tensile steel, stainless steel and titanium alloy.

An electrophotographic image forming method having cyclic steps including a charging step of charging a rotating image-bearing member to charge a surface thereof, a latent image forming steps of forming an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the image-bearing member, a developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image with a magnetic toner to form a toner image thereon, and a transfer step of transferring the toner image onto a recording material. In the method, the image-bearing member includes an electroconductive support, and a photoconductor layer and a surface layer formed on the support.

The invention relates to a BA diblock or BAB triblock copolymer, in which the A block is a non-substituted poly-oxyethylene chain having a mean molecular weight that is no higher than 100 kDa, and the B block is an anionic polymer which can be prepared using one or more monomers selected from among the vinyl monomers and derivatives thereof, said monomers being substituted with a (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion. The invention also relates to the uses of such a copolymer, in particular for preparing an electrolyte composition for lithium metal polymer (LMP) batteries.

The object of the present invention is to provide a photoconductor that is highly sensitive, stable in image quality under repeated usages, and affords prolonged life.In order attain the object, a photoconductor is provided that comprises a charge generating layer, a charge transporting layer, and a crosslinked charge transporting layer, on an substrate in order,the charge generating layer contains titanyl phthalocyanine crystal particles that exhibit a highest peak at 27.2°, main peaks at 9.4°, 9.6° and 24.0°, a peak at 7.3° as the lowest angle, and with no peaks in a range between 7.3° and 9.4°, and with no peak at 26.3° as Bragg 2θangles (±0.2°) in terms of CuK-α characteristic X-ray wavelength at 1.542 Å, and the averaged primary particle size of the titanyl phthalocyanine crystal particles is 0.25 μm or less, andthe crosslinked charge transporting layer contains a reaction product of a radical polymerizable monomer having three or more functionalities and no charge transporting structure and a radical polymerizable compound having one functionality and a charge transporting structure, and the thickness of the crosslinked charge transporting layer is 1 to 10 μm.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The charge transport material comprising a mixture of stereoisomers as a charge transport material and glass transition point Tgb of the binder resin of the charge transport layer and glass transition point Tgl of the charge transport layer satisfy100° C.<Tgl<Tgb(both Tgb and Tgl in ° C.).An image forming method employing the photoreceptor is also disclosed.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a conductive material paste that is for a secondary battery electrode and that can form an electrode having superior electrical potential stability and superior dispersion stability. The conductive material paste for a secondary battery electrode contains a conductive material and a binder (A), the binder (A) contains an alkylene structural unit and / or a (meth)acrylate ester monomer unit, and the binder adsorption amount of the conductive material is 100-600 mg / g inclusive.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member that includes the outermost surface layer formed by curing a mixture of a charge transporting substance having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a urea compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2), and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

The present invention relates to a preparation method of an electrocatalyst carrier for fuel cells. The electrocatalyst carrier is prepared from raw materials of expanded graphite with BET surface area of no less than 100m<2> / g and average pore size of no less than 10 nm through high temperature calcination, hole plugging treatment and drying treatment; and the obtained carrier has BET specific surface area of no less than 120m<2> / g and average pore size of 8-16 nm. Compared with the traditional carbon materials, the electrocatalyst carrier has larger specific surface area, is easier to capture and uniformly disperse nano Pt particles, also has high better potential stability. The Pt / C electrocatalyst prepared by using the treated worm-shape expanded graphite as carrier preparation has the advantages of multiple active sites, high activity and stability.

Iodogallium phthalocyanine and bromogallium phthalocyanine having novel crystalline forms characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns according to CuKalpha characteristic X-ray diffraction method and exhibiting excellent zirconium phthalocyanine can be obtained through appropriate selection of a reaction solvent, followed by milling or stirring in an appropriate solvent. For example, alpha-chloronaphthalene is a suitable solvent for reaction between phthalonitrile and gallium triiodide or tribromide to provide iodogallium phthalocyanine or bromogallium phthalocyanine. Reaction of chlorogallium phthalocyanine or hydroxygallium phthalocyanine with hydroiodic (or hydrobromic) acid is also effective for providing a novel crystal form of iodo-(or bromo-)gallium phthalocyanine. Zirconium phthalocyanine exhibiting good electrophotographic performances can be obtained through a similar process.

An electrode chip for detecting a biomolecule includes a substrate; and an electrode that includes an electrode substrate, at least one of a metallic salt or a metallic oxide provided on an outermost surface on an opposite side of the electrode substrate from a side provided with the substrate, and a biomolecular probe-immobilizing material which is provided on the outermost surface and to which a biomolecular probe is fixed.

The invention relates to a detection method of potassium ions in a solution, in particular to a solid ion selective electrode as well as preparation and application thereof. MoO2 microspheres are taken as an ion-electron transduction layer of the solid ion selective electrode, a polymer ion-selective membrane is attached to the ion-electron transduction layer, and the solid contact type ion selective electrode is obtained. According to the transduction layer of the solid contact type ion selective electrode and on the basis of molybdenum trioxide nanobelts as a precursor, the MoO2 microsphereswith specific microscopic morphology are synthesized with a solvothermal method. The solvothermal synthesis method is simple to operate and good in reproducibility, can be used for mass production, and is very suitable for preparation of the transduction layer of the solid contact type ion selective electrode.

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; an image forming portion for forming a toner image on the image bearing member; an intermediary transfer belt for carrying the toner image transferred from the image bearing member; a transfer belt for carrying and conveying a recording material; an attraction portion for electrostatically attracting the recording material to the transfer belt; a transfer portion for transferring the toner image from the intermediary transfer belt onto the recording material attracted to the transfer belt; and an electrode member, disposed downstream of the attraction portion and upstream of the transfer portion with respect to a movement direction of the transfer belt, being contacted to an inner surface of the transfer belt.

The invention discloses a display panel. The display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, each sub-pixel comprises a driving circuit, and each driving circuit comprises a light-emitting device, a driving transistor, a first transistor, a first capacitor, a second transistor and a third transistor. A drain electrode of a first transistor is electrically connected with a grid electrode of a driving transistor, a source electrode of a third transistor is electrically connected with a source electrode of the first transistor, the first transistor is an oxide thin film transistor, and after the first transistor is closed, a light-emitting device is turned on to emit light. And after the first transistor is closed, the low leakage characteristic of the oxide thin film transistor is utilized to suppress the grid potential change of the driving transistor within one frame time, the potential stability of the grid of the driving transistor is improved, and the light emitting uniformity of the light emitting device is further ensured, so that leakage is controlled through the oxide thin film transistor, and high-quality display is realized. And low frequency and low power consumption are achieved.

The invention discloses a fibrous flexible solid silver / silver chloride reference electrode as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the field of flexible sensors. The reference electrode comprises a flexible fibrous conductive substrate, a silver / silver chloride layer arranged on the flexible fibrous conductive substrate, a solid electrolyte layer coated on the surface of the silver / silver chloride layer, and a cation exchange membrane layer arranged on the surface of the solid electrolyte layer. The reference electrode disclosed by the invention is easy to prepare and low in cost, has the flexibility of fibers and strong bending capacity while maintaining high stability, and can be easily woven into a fabric to form a sensing system with a fibrous biological electrode.

A constant voltage generating circuit according to the present invention includes a reference voltage generation source 1, a differential amplifier 2 that receives an output voltage (REF1) of the reference voltage generation source 1 at one terminal and receives a potential (VREF2), generated by adding a predetermined potential difference to a regulator voltage (VREG), at another terminal, and switching means 6 that controls the current amount of an output terminal 10 of the reference voltage generation source 1 so that the current amount increases for a fixed period of time immediately after the power is turned on. The switching means 6, which is turned on / off based on VREF2, stabilizes the output voltage (REF1) of the reference voltage generation source 1 quickly after the power is turned on and then stabilizes the regulator voltage (VREG).

An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer that contains a polymer produced by the polymerization of a compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group. The compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group is a compound represented by the formula (1).