The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a bearing steel pickling, phosphating and saponifying method. The bearing steel pickling, phosphating and saponifying method comprises the steps of pickling, washing, lime treatment, spheroidizing annealing, pickling, rinsing, secondary washing, oxalic acid treatment, phosphating, rinsing, saponifying and drying. Before annealing, a lime pickling process is added, so that oxide scales on the surface of a wire can be washed away, and a quick drying function is achieved; and during spheroidizing annealing, RXgas is added as a protective atmosphere for carburization, so that a stable and reliable furnace atmosphere can be formed, and zero decarburization of a bearing steel wire in a furnace can be achieved. According to bearing steel treated through the pickling, phosphating and saponifying method, decarburization can be controlled to be within 1D%, the pearlite spheroidized structure is at the level2-3, and the bearing steel is suitable for high-speed cold heading machining.